Based on the daily average temperature,maximum and minimum temperature data of 2 weather stations of Dingxin,Ejina Banner in the Heihe River’s downstream in 1960~2010,using the methods of climate trending rate and Mann-Kendall abrupt change test method,the characteristics and respond of Populus euphratica’s phenology to climate change was analyzed,including beginning dates,ending dates of annual growth period,the annual growth period of P.euphratica and the P.euphratica’s beginning dates of yellow leaf stage.The results showed that:(1)The mean annual temperatures in the oasis of lower reaches Heihe River was significantly warming,and the air temperature in the study area which was the oasis of Dingxin and Ejina Banner increased respectively 1.6℃ and 2.4℃ from 1960 to 2010.(2)The change trend of P.euphratica’s characteristics was different in recent 51 years.The beginning dates of annual growth of P.euphratica in the lower reaches Heihe River was becoming earlier.The beginning dates of annual growth of P.euphratica in the oasis of Dingxin and Ejina Banner were -1.46 d/10a (α=0.01)，-1.54 d/10a (α=0.02),and they were respectively earlier 7 days and 8 days in recent 51 years.The ending dates was becoming later,they were respectively later 5 days and 9 days in recent 51 years,and it was more appreciable in the oasis of Ejina,it was the most significant in 2000s among the change of decades;The growth period of P.euphratica was prolonged,and the trend of P.euphratica’s annual growth in the oasis of Ejina was more extended 0.9 d/10a than Dingxin,and the average annual length growth was shorten 1 day;the P.euphratica’s beginning dates of yellow leaf stage was becoming slightly later,but it responsed the seasonal change of the climate characteristic in a certain extent,and it was coincided that conclusions which was the temperature changes with temperature fall were not significant.(3)There was significantly different in the abrupt change about P.euphratica phenology,and it was more sensitive in the ending dates.Therefore,it was an obvious response to the climatic change of the P.euphratica in the study area,especially there was more sensitive in Ejina Banner.