The 1BL/1RS translocation and 7DL.7Ag translocation have been widely used by wheat breeders to enhance agronomic performance and disease resistance.In the past decades,the introduction and application of 1BL/1RS translocation significantly increased yield potentials and adaptability in China;now it still plays an important role in wheat breeding and production.Currently,the positive effects of 7DL.7Ag translocation in terms of increasing the yield have caused attention of wheat breeders over the world.The objective of this study was to analysis the effects of 1BL/1RS and 7DL.7Ag chromosome translocations on the main agronomic,yield and quality traits in wheat.A total of 900 F₂ population and F_2∶3 family derived from the cross ‘Yunong 982’(1BL/1RS translocation)/wheatear(7DL.7Ag translocation) were planted in Yangling of Shaanxi Province during 2009～2011.This study identified the chromosome translocation types of F₂ population using SSR and STS.In addition,a total of 15 traits of the two parents,F₂ population and F_2∶3 family,such as plant height,spike length,grain number per spike,thousand-grain weight,grain weight per spike and days from emerge to maturity,were investigated (this study took the agronomic traits of F₂ population as a reference,the main agronomic traits of F_2∶3 family were this study’s key point).The F-test and multiple comparisons of the agronomic traits of no-translocation lines,homozygous 1BL/1RS translocation lines,homozygous 7DL.7Ag translocation lines and Double Translocation Lines (1BL/1RS,7DL.7Ag) in F_2∶3 family were done using the SAS8.2 System.At the same time,the effects of 1BL/1RS translocation and 7DL.7Ag translocation on wheat quality were tested.The results showed that:STS Lr19₁₃₀ maker and Xgwm428 marker were identified,which could effectively distinguish the heterozygous 7DL.7Ag translocation from homozygous 7DL.7Ag translocation when they were used together.In terms of agronomic traits and yield traits,a significantly higher grain number per spike and spikelet number,reduced plant height in 1BL/1RS translocation lines were observed.Comparing with no-7DL.7Ag lines.The 7DL.7Ag lines showed significantly higher thousand-grain weight,yield and plant height.However,a significantly lower grain number per spike and the slightly but significantly longer days from emerge to maturity in 7DL.7Ag lines were observed.Double translocation line (1BL/1RS,7DL.7Ag) showed a significantly higher spikelet number and thousand-grain weight,but a lower grain number per spike.In terms of quality traits,1BL/1RS translocation mainly affected protein quality traits such as sedimentation volume,stability,weaken degree,maximum resistance and extensibility,but it had little effect on protein quantitative traits such as protein content,wet gluten content and water absorption.7DL.7Ag translocation significantly increased sedimentation and extensograph parameter,but has no significantly effects on farniograph parameter and pasting parameter.The application of 7DL.7Ag translocation in wheat breeding may break through the bottleneck of yield and improve the quality.