In order to provide basis for assessing the plant protection of Maoer Mountain National Forest Park, we investigated plant species of Maoer Mountain National Forest Park twice on the spot in 1983 and 2013 by the method of sampling and sample survey, and analyzed the floristic characteristics. The results showed that: (1) compared with 1983, the number and composition of families were the same. However, 20 genera and 60 species decreased in 2013. The difference in the number of families at different levels is small, but the difference in the number of genera at different levels is large. (2) The difference in the composition of the dominant families was smaller, but in 2013, Orchidaceae became a nondominant family from the dominant family, while the Chenopodiaceae and Pinaceae became the dominant family from the nondominant family. The number and composition of the dominant genera was different, decreased eight. (3) The two surveys showed a large change in the number and composition of typical families, but the difference in the number and composition of the typical genera was smaller, in 2013 compared to 1983, only 2 typical genera decreased. (4) In 1983 and 2013, the geographical composition of the families, genera and species were all dominated by temperate distribution. The geographical composition of the families was the same, and the geographical composition of the genera was less than that of the MediterraneanWest Asia to Central Asia in 2003. In the geographical composition of genera, there was a lack of MediterraneanWest Asia to Central Asia in 2013, but in the geographical composition of species, there were more AsiaNorth AmericaArctic distribution than in 1983. According to the research, flora composition of Maoer Mountain National Forest Park in 30 years is basically stable, indicating that the plant protection in this area is effective. But the number of genera and species decreased significantly, and the species diversity was significantly reduced in 30 years, indicating that the status of plant protection was still not optimistic, especially in some important families, such as the reduction of Orchidaceae plants sounded the alarm for plant protection in this area.