干旱胁迫对不同苦荞品种苗期生长和根系生理特征的影响
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国家自然科学基金项目(31571604)


The Seedling Growth and Root Physiological Traits of Fagopyrum tataricum Cultivars under Drought Stress
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    摘要:

    采用盆栽人工控水试验,研究了不同水分处理(正常供水、中度干旱和重度干旱)对耐旱型(‘迪庆苦荞’、‘西农9909’)和不耐旱型(‘西荞1号’和‘黑丰1号’)苦荞品种苗期生理、形态指标的影响,并通过隶属函数法与主成分分析对品种抗旱性进行综合评价,以揭示苦荞苗期的抗旱生理机制。结果表明:(1)与正常供水相比,除‘迪庆苦荞’和‘西农9909’在重度干旱胁迫下主根长呈升高趋势外,其余苦荞品种在2个干旱条件下的株高、茎粗、叶面积、地上部干重、地下部干重、根系体积、根系表面积均呈下降趋势,且耐旱品种降幅小于不耐旱品种;重度干旱胁迫使得‘迪庆苦荞’的根冠比升高,而其余品种根冠比在干旱胁迫下均无显著变化。(2)干旱胁迫使苦荞叶片的叶绿素含量、相对含水量、最大荧光产量(Fm)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、根系活力和可溶性蛋白含量显著降低,而根系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖及游离脯氨酸含量呈升高趋势;不同抗旱性品种间的升降幅度存在差异。(3)各苦荞品种耐旱能力综合评价值(D)表现为‘迪庆苦荞’> ‘西农9909’> ‘黑丰1号’> ‘西荞1号’;幼苗株高、地下部干重及根系SOD活性和蛋白质含量与D值呈显著正相关关系,而根系脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量与D值呈极显著正相关关系。研究发现,在中度与重度干旱逆境下,苦荞品种‘迪庆苦荞’和‘西农9909’综合表现较好,具有更强的耐旱能力,而品种‘西荞1号’和‘黑丰1号’综合表现较差,其抗旱性较弱;苗期株高、地下部干重以及根系SOD活性、蛋白质含量、脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量可作为苦荞抗旱性快速鉴定的指标。

    Abstract:

    In order to study the effects of physiological, morphological indexes and the physiological mechanism on drought stress for Fagopyrum tataricum cultivars, we took the pot experiment of artificial water control and three water treatments included normal irrigation, moderate water stress, and heavy water stress. The experimental materials included ‘Diqing’, ‘Xinong9909’, ‘Heifeng1’ and ‘Xiqiao1’. Three results were drawn from this experiment. (1) Compared to the normal water treatment, the main root length of ‘Diqing’ and ‘Xinong9909’ increased under the heavy water stress; The plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root volume, root area of ‘Heifeng1’ and ‘Xiqiao1’ decreased, and the decrease of drought tolerant cultivars were less than those of nondrought tolerant cultivars. Besides, the drought stress made root/shoot ratio increased of ‘Diqing’ and declined of other cultivars. (2) Drought stress could make chlorophyll content, leaf relative water content, Fm, Fv/Fm, root activity and soluble protein content significantly decreased, but superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, malonaldehyde (MDA) content, soluble sugar content and free proline content increased. Also, there were differences of up or down for different varieties. (3) Subordination function method and principal component analysis were used to synthetically evaluate the drought resistance of different F. tataricum genotypes. We found out that the resistance ranking (‘Diqing’> ‘Xinong9909’> ‘Heifeng1’> ‘Xiqiao1’). The results of correlation analysis showed that plant height, root dry weight, dismutase (SOD) activity, soluble protein content were significantly correlated with D value and the proline content and soluble sugar content were very significantly correlated with D value. The study has shown that ‘Diqing’ and ‘Xinong9909’ had the best performance for the indexes of various aspects under two kinds of drought conditions, thus we could conclude that these cultivars had better adaptability under drought environment. ‘Heifeng1’ and ‘Xiqiao1’ had the poor performance, which showed low drought resistance. At the same time, plant height, root dry weight, dismutase (SOD) activity, soluble protein content, proline content and soluble sugar content can be used as indicators for the rapid determination of drought resistance.

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路之娟,张永清,张 楚.干旱胁迫对不同苦荞品种苗期生长和根系生理特征的影响[J].西北植物学报,2018,38(1):112-120

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  • 在线发布日期: 2018-02-05
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