不同灌水上限和施肥量对温室番茄产量与品质的影响
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农业部农业产业技术体系建设资金项目(CARS23C07)


Effects of Different Irrigation Upper Limit and Fertilization Amount on Yield and Quality of Greenhouse Tomato
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    摘要:

    以番茄品种‘英石大红’为材料,在滴灌施肥种植条件下进行日光温室栽培试验;灌水上限设3个水平,即土壤相对含水量分别为田间最大持水量的70%(W1)、80%(W2)、90%(W3),灌水下限统一设定为田间最大持水量的50%;N、P、K施肥设3个水平,分别为低肥F1 [N(228 kg/hm2)、P2O5(132 kg/hm2)、K2O(300 kg/hm2)]、中肥F2 [N(285 kg/hm2)、P2O5(165 kg/hm2)、K2O(375 kg/hm2)]和高肥F3 [N(342 kg/hm2)、P2O5(198 kg/hm2)、K2O(450 kg/hm2)],以大水漫灌(8165 m3/hm2)、当地推荐施肥量(342 kg/hm2 N、198 kg/hm2 P2O5、450 kg/hm2 K2O) 组成共同水肥对照(CK),探讨不同灌水上限和施肥量处理组合对番茄产量、品质和干物质量的影响,以筛选日光温室栽培番茄的最佳灌水上限和施肥量组合。结果显示:(1)在水肥一体化条件下,番茄植株的地上部干鲜重、地下部干鲜重、根冠比除F3W1处理外均显著高于传统水肥CK。(2)番茄果实产量在不同灌溉上限和施肥量处理下表现各异,其中在F2W2处理下番茄果实单果重、经济产量、生物产量达到最高,且与CK差异显著。(3)在同一灌水上限条件下,在一定范围内增加施肥量可以显著提高番茄果实的可溶性糖、维生素C、可溶性蛋白、番茄红素含量,而番茄果实有机酸和硝酸盐含量随施肥量的增加而不断增加;在同一施肥量条件下,番茄果实有机酸含量随着灌水上限的上调而不断减少,而番茄果实硝酸盐含量却随着灌水上限的上调而不断增加。研究发现,在滴灌施肥条件下合理控制温室番茄的灌水量与施肥量能够显著增加番茄产量以及番茄果实中可溶性糖、维生素C、可溶性蛋白、番茄红素、有机酸等含量,降低硝酸盐含量,增加干物质积累量;在灌水上限为田间最大持水量的80%、灌水量为3 686.691 m3/hm2,施肥量为285 kg/hm2 N、165 kg/hm2 P2O5、375 kg/hm2 K2O是最佳水肥处理组合,且番茄产量可以比传统水肥处理显著增加15.03%,果实品质同时得到有效改善。

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    The tomato variety ‘Yingshi Dahong’ was used as the material to carry out the cultivation experiment in the greenhouse under drip irrigation and fertilization conditions; The upper limit of irrigation is set at three levels, that is, the relative water content of the soil is 70% (W1), 80% (W2), and 90% (W3) of the maximum water holding capacity in the field, respectively, and the lower irrigation limit is uniformly set to 50% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field. N, P, K fertilization set three levels, low fertility F1 [N (228 kg/hm2), P2O5 (132 kg/hm2), K2O (300 kg/hm2)], medium fertilizer F2 [N (285 kg/hm2), P2O5 (165 kg/hm2), K2O (375 kg/hm2)] and highfertilizer F3 [N (342 kg/hm2), P2O5 (198 kg/hm2), K2O (450 kg/hm2)], with flood irrigation large water (8 165 m3/hm2) and local recommended fertilization amount (342 kg/hm2 N, 198 kg/hm2 P2O5, 450 kg/hm2 K2O) as common waterfertilizer control (CK). To explore the effects of different irrigation upper limit and fertilization treatment combinations on tomato yield quality and dry matter quality, in order to screen the optimal irrigation limit and fertilization amount of tomato cultivation in greenhouse. The results showed that: (1) Under the condition of integrated water and fertilizer, the dry weight of the above ground parts of the tomato plants, the dry weight of the shoots, and the rootshoot ratio were significantly higher than those of the traditional water and fertilizer treatments except F3W1. (2) The yield of tomato fruit was different under different irrigation upper limits and fertilization amounts. Among them, the fruit weight, economic yield and biological yield of tomato fruit reached the highest under F2W2 treatment, and the difference was significant with CK. (3) Under the same irrigation limit, increasing the amount of fertilizer in a certain range can significantly increase the content of soluble sugar, vitamin C, soluble protein and lycopene in tomato fruit. However, the organic acid and nitrate contents of tomato fruit increased with the increase of fertilizer application; Under the same fertilization amount, the organic acid content of tomato fruit decreased with the upper limit of irrigation, while the nitrate content of tomato fruit increased with the upper limit of irrigation. The study found that under the condition of drip irrigation and fertilization, the irrigation amount and fertilization amount of greenhouse tomato can significantly increase the yield of tomato and the contents of soluble sugar, vitamin C, soluble protein, lycopene and organic acid in tomato fruit, reduce the nitrate content and increase the accumulation of dry matter. The best water and fertilizer treatment combination is the upper limit of irrigation with 80% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field, the irrigation amount with 3 686.691 m3/hm2, the fertilization amount is 285 kg/hm2 N, 165 kg/hm2 P2O5, 375 kg/hm2 K2O. The tomato yield increased significantly by 15.03% compared with the traditional water and fertilizer treatment, and the fruit quality was also effectively improved.

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吴洮男, 郁继华, 张国斌,等.不同灌水上限和施肥量对温室番茄产量与品质的影响[J].西北植物学报,2018,38(11):2090-2100

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  • 在线发布日期: 2018-12-20
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