宁南山区不同乔木林地土壤干层分布及干燥化特征
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宁夏大学资源环境学院

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国家自然科学基金项目(面上项目,重点项目,重大项目)


Distribution and Drying Characteristics of Dry Layer of Soil in Different Tree Land in the Mountain Area of Southern Ningxia.
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    摘要:

    土壤干燥化是区域植被恢复、生态环境改善的主要限制因素,认识不同人工林地土壤干燥化程度及干层分布特征对于水土资源持续利用和人工林植被建设具有重要的理论和实际意义。选择宁南山区典型坡面不同人工林地为研究对象,分层采集0~600 cm土样,分析杏树、杨树、榆树、刺槐和松树及农田(对照)土壤含水量、土壤水分垂直剖面分布特征,采用干燥化指数、土壤水分相对亏缺指数及冗余分析进行土壤干燥化强度、水分亏缺程度评价及环境影响因子分析。结果表明:杏树、杨树、榆树、刺槐、松树土壤水分均属中等变异,且0~600 cm平均土壤含水量与农田相比分别降低了31.17%、24.15%、23.19%、29.67%、18.35%;不同人工林地干层起始深度、干层厚度及垂直剖面土壤水分分布明显不同,杏树、杨树、榆树、刺槐、松树和农田土壤干层起始深度分别为90、160、140、140、160、600 cm,干层厚度分别为510、460、480、480、460、0 cm;杏树、杨树、榆树、刺槐、松树0~600 cm平均土壤干燥化指数分别为63.48%、91.88%、95.17%、73.97%、111.91%,土壤水分相对亏缺指数分别为0.68、0.59、0.52、0.63、0.41,其土壤水分干燥化强度及亏缺程度由高到低依次为杏树>刺槐>杨树>榆树>松树;RDA分析表明乔木类型、黏粒含量和地形条件是影响土壤干燥化的重要因素。宁南山区土壤水分亏缺、干燥化程度严重,需采取调整种植密度、合理修剪树枝等措施,以促进研究区生态环境的可持续发展。

    Abstract:

    Soil drying are the main limiting factor for regional vegetation restoration and ecological environment improvement, Understanding the distribution and drying of dry soil layers in different plantations has important theoretical and practical significance for the sustainable utilization of soil water resources and the construction of artificial vegetation. Different plantations on Typical Slopes in southern Ningxia Mountainous Region were selected as research objects. Stratified sampling of 0~600 cm soil layer, distribution characteristics of soil moisture and vertical profile of soil moisture in apricot, poplar, elm, locust, pine and control farmland were analyzed, soil desiccation index, soil water relative deficit index and redundancy analysis were used to evaluate soil desiccation intensity and water deficit degree and to analyze environmental impact factors. Result show that the Soil moisture of apricot, poplar, elm, locust and pine trees were moderately variable, and the average soil water content of 0~600 cm was 31.17%, 24.15%, 23.19%, 29.67% and 18.35% lower than that of farmland, respectively. The initial depth of soil dry layer, the thickness of soil dry layer and the distribution of soil moisture in vertical profile are obviously different in different plantations. The initial depths of apricot, poplar, elm, locust, pine and farmland trunk layers were 90, 160, 140, 140, 160 and 600 cm, respectively. The thickness of dry layer is 510 cm, 460 cm, 480 cm, 480 cm, 460 cm and 0 cm respectively. The soil drying index of 0~600 cm profile of apricot, poplar, elm, locust and pine were 63.48%, 91.88%, 95.17%, 73.97% and 111.91%, respectively. The relative deficit index of soil moisture was 0.68, 0.59, 0.52, 0.63 and 0.41, respectively. The order of soil moisture desiccation intensity and deficit degree from high to low was apricot tree > locust tree > poplar > elm tree > pine tree. RDA analysis showed that the arbor type,clay content and topographic conditions were important factors affecting soil dry layer. Because the soil water deficit and the degree of dryness are serious in southern Ningxia, measures such as adjusting planting density and reasonably pruning branches should be taken to promote the sustainable development of ecological environment in the study area.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-10-04
  • 最后修改日期:2019-12-30
  • 录用日期:2020-01-08
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