To explore the effects of growing environment on the microscopic morphology of Selaginella, the leaf epidermis and microspores of seven species of Selaginellaceae collected in Qixianling Mountain, Hainan Province were observed and compared by scanning electron microscopy. The leaf epidermal morphologicayl characteristics of middle leaves, lateral leaves and fertile leaves of them were observed and analyzed for the first time. The leaf epidermis and microspore morphology of Selaginella chinensis was reported for the first time. Results show that: (1) Fertile leaves, middle leaves and lateral leaves of the same species of Selaginella have obvious differences in leaf epidermal morphology, especially the stomata on fertile leaves are smaller and sparerse than those of stenlizespore leaves,which is consistent to the reproductive function of fertile leave and spore leaves the reproductive function is consistent. The leaf epidermis characteristics of different species of Selaginella are also distinct, mainly in leaf margin thorns, stomata and tumor-like bulges, indicating that these characteristics can be used as the basis for the distinction between species of Selaginella. (3) The microspores of Selaginella are stable in morphology and diverse in texture; the microspores in some species are similar in shape, but are distinguished by the type of ornamentation and the curvature of the crack. (4) The microspores of Qionghai S. hainanensiselaginella have a unique mesh pattern, suggesting that theyit haves a unique evolutionary pathway. (5) The stomata characteristics and knob-like bulging characteristics of the Lleaf epidermis of Selaginella, the color, shape and ornamentation of microspores are related to the elevation and the moisture of growth environment, but the mechanism needs further study. dryness of the elevation and habitat, but how is this Relevance for further study.