Abstract:The morphological characteristics of peristome and spores of 10 species of Dicranum Hedw. were observed by light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that: (1) the capsules of 10 species of Dicranum are cylindrical.(2) the spores are spherical, near spherical, ellipse or triangular ovate, they are yellow, brown, yellowish brown; the faces near pole concave, the ornamentation is verrucous, granular, spore. (3) the peristome of 10 species of Dicranum mostly are lanceolate, some are broad lanceolate.These peristomes are apricot yellow, oxblood red, browinish yellow or reddish brownin color; the ornamentation is striate and verrucous, perforated into a net structure, some species are smooth and lack of perforation, with verruca on the surface. The studies provide a basis for the taxonomic division of Dicranum and an important reference value for the taxonomic classification and evolution of bryophytes.