In order to afford a theoretical basis for the further study of QTL mapping of fruit traits and molecular marker assisted breeding program in pepper,we used the mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model to analyze the inheritance of 6 fruit traits in pepper with four generations of C.annuum B₉₄₃₁ (P₁) and C.frutescens H₁₀₈ (P₂) and their F₁,F₂.All examined traits showed the models of two major genes plus polygenes,among which fruit mass,fruit length,fruit diameter,fruit shape index and flesh thickness were apt to E-0 model,namely two additive-domiance-epistatic major genes plus additive-dominance-epistatic polygene model.Fruit peduncle was fitting E-5 model which was two complete dominant major genes plus additive-dominance polygene model.The heritability of major gene for the six fruit traits of fruit mass,fruit length,fruit diameter,fruit shape index,flesh thickness and fruit peduncle were 87.64%,37.67%,82.46%,94.82%,83.33% and 40.00%,and the heritability of polygene for the six fruit traits were 7.50%,54.56%,10.53%,0.27%,12.96% and 37.78%,respectively.