With two different drought-resistant proso millet varieties(‘Longmi 4’ and ‘Jinshu 7’),the physiological effect were studied under the conditions of moderate and severe drought stress at seedling and rewatering at erect seedling stage in pot culture.The main result showed that:(1)under drought stress,the roots activity decreased,the activities of SOD and POD and contents of MDA and proline all increased.The effects were stronger under severe drought stress than under moderate drought stress.(2)After rewatering,the tested various physiological indexes of two different proso millet varieties had different degrees of recovery,and the recovering abilities were strong under moderate drought stress,but weak under severe stress.(3)The tested various physiological indexes of two different proso millet varieties had different amplitude under drought stress and rewatering condition.Under drought stress,the roots activity of drought-tolerant ‘Longmi 4’ was less than that of drought-sensitive ‘Jinshu 7’,but the ascending extent of the activities of SOD and POD and contents of MDA and proline were larger than those of drought-sensitive variety ‘Jinshu 7’.After rewatering,compared with ‘Jinshu 7’,‘Longmi 4’ had higher recovering ability.So the conclusions are that:under drought stress and after rewatering,‘Longmi 4’ keeps higher root activity,SOD activity,POD activity and proline contents,but lower MDA content,which are physiological basis of stronger drought resistance.