The sporophytic morphology of five Pteris was studied by using optical microscope in order to explore the relations between morphology and systematic position of Pteris,in hopes provide new reference and basis for further classification of the genus.The results show that the basic stomatal types of the 5 species are axillocytic type and polocytic type.Venation type is the pinnate separation and no mesh form.The lateral venations are the once bifurcated parallel distribution;The vascular bundle in xylem of the 5 species are mainly simple columnar type tubular column,sometimes are double pillar mesh column.The tracheary elements widely existed in vessel elements and tracheid only found in P.vittata and P.ensiformis cv.“victoriae”,among them,Pteris multifida without pit membrane residuary.The results of the comprehensive analysis show that P.vittata and P.ensiformis cv.“victoriae” are relatively primitive;while,P.aspericaulis,P.multifida and Pteris excelsa are more close and development.