Haloxylon ammodendron,Tamarix taklamakanensis,Populus euphratica are the importance safety barriers to desertification and aeolian disaster combating,regional ecological balance maintenance,biological diversity conservation and the oasis safety in Kumtagh desert region.Seven factors of three elements,geography,soil and water of these three plant populations were chosen as indicators which have important influences.Using factor analysis,the environmental factors impacting on growth and distribution of three species were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)Soil nutrients were the most important factor of the survival and development of three regional species.It indicated that the regional harsh environment and poor soils had apparent limiting to plant growth and development.(2)The effect of altitude was less,and it had an effect together with other factors.The geographical factors on the impact of plant populations mainly arose from the indirect effects through the role of other factors.(3)Water affect significantly on three groups and varied,water and altitude changes had certain relevance,affected together on the distribution and population development of the threespecies.(4)Water was the main factor of distribution of P.euphratica and H.ammodendron species,and the impact on T.taklamakanensis reflected the underground water level and mineralization characteristics of their living environment.The soil which was formed during longterm geology and regional climate change in Kumtagh desert was difficult to improve in the short term.And there had large difficulty on plant protect and restore for the effect of soil nutrient scarcity.Thus regional desertification combating and the existing habitat protecting will be more effective means to maintain regional plant growth and population development.