Pollen morphology of 48 Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.germplasms was observed and analyzed with scanning electron microscopy.The observed results showed that pollen morphology of P.multiflorum Thunb.was mainly spheroidicity,a few long spheroidicity and subglobose and pollen shape of part germplasms was verging on phase from spheroidicity to long spheroidicity;mainly 3-labed-rounded with a few hemispheric,quadrangular,caved or plane triangle in part germplasms in polar views and mainly ellipse in equatorial views with a few triangle or quadrangular in part germplasms;with 3 germinal furrows which shape is long and narrow,almost reaching the poles.1 or 2 germinal furrows upheaved in the middle or near the poles,2 or 3 germinal furrows intersecting in the poles in part germplasms;the surface emblazonry was cave-shaped,with 1 ostiole in it in a few germplasms.The studied results showed that the species of P.multiflorum Thunb.is being at the active evolutionary stage and the rate of evolution is not synchro because of different regions and habitats.The evolutionary degree of low-latitude germplasms is higher than that of high-latitude germplasms.The primal center of origin of P.multiflorum Thunb.might be in the high-latitude,whose pollen morphology varied in different degrees in the migrating process from high-latitude to low-latitude.