不同品种油橄榄离体叶片对渗透胁迫的生理响应及其抗旱机制
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国家科技支撑计划课题项目(2012BAD06B03);甘肃省农牧厅项目(GNCX-2012-47)


Physiological Responses and Mechanism of Drought Resistance in Leaves of Different Olive Varieties under Osmotic Stress
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    摘要:

    以油橄榄3个主栽品种(‘戈达尔’、‘城固32’、‘弗奥’)离体叶片为研究对象,在实验室条件下考察了30% PEG 溶液模拟渗透胁迫对叶片相关生理生化指标的影响,探讨不同品种间的响应差异及其生理机制。结果显示:(1)随着渗透胁迫时间的延长,各油橄榄品种离体叶片含水量和叶绿素含量呈下降趋势,相对电导率和MDA含量大幅度升高,即渗透胁迫造成了油橄榄离体叶片水分状况恶化、叶绿素分解、脂质过氧化和细胞膜损伤程度加重;同时,3个品种油橄榄叶片的束缚水与自由水相对含量、超氧阴离子产生速率、SOD活性及渗透调节物质含量表现出升高的趋势。(2)品种间相比较,随着胁迫时间的延长,‘城固32’叶片脂质过氧化产物MDA含量相对较低、细胞膜损伤较小,‘戈达尔’的表现则相反,‘弗奥’介于二者之间;同期各品种间叶片束缚水与自由水相对含量、超氧阴离子产生速率、SOD活性及渗透调节物质含量的变化表现相似。研究表明,3个油橄榄主栽品种中‘城固32’对30% PEG溶液渗透胁迫的抗性最强,‘弗奥’次之,‘戈达尔’最差;在30% PEG溶液渗透胁迫下,‘城固32’叶片具有较高的束缚水与自由水含量比值、较低的超氧阴离子产生速率、较高的SOD活性及较高渗透调节物质含量,这在一定程度上保证其叶片具有较强的抗脱水能力、抗氧化能力和渗透调节能力,从而在整体上表现出对渗透胁迫的较强抗性。

    Abstract:

    Using detached leaves of three Olea europaea varieties (‘Gordal’,‘Chenggu 32’ and ‘Frantoio’) as experimental materials,we determined their physiological and biochemical indexes,to explore the mechanism on drought resistance of different olive varieties under 30% PEG stress.The results showed that:(1)With the time of osmotic stress prolonged,the water and chlorophyll contents in detached leaves of different olive varieties decreased,while the relative electrolytic leakage and MDA content increased significantly.The result indicated that,the osmotic stress caused deterioration of water conditions,decomposition of chlorophyll,aggravation of lipid peroxidation and damage of cell membrane of the leaves;meanwhile,relative content of bound water and free water,O2 producing rate,SOD activity and regulatory substances in leaves of three olive varieties showed a rising trend.(2)Inter-species comparison,with the time of osmotic stress prolonged,MDA content of ‘Frantoio’ leaves was lower than that of ‘Gordal’ and higher than that of ‘Chenggu 32’.In the same period,changes on the contents of bound water and free water,superoxide anion production rate,SOD activity in different species leaves showed similar performance.In conclusion,the results indicated that the drought resistance of the three olive varieties was ‘Chenggu 32’>‘Frantoio’>‘Gordal’;furthermore,higher ratio of bound water content/free water content,less O2 producing rate,higher SOD activity and more regulatory substances of ‘Chenggu 32’ under the osmotic stress can guarante the leaves of ‘Chenggu 32’ had the strongest ability of osmoregulation and the strongest ability to endure dehydration and lipid-peroxidation under the osmotic stress,so the drought resistance of ‘Chenggu 32’ was better than that of ‘Gordal’ and ‘Frantoio’.

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李自龙,徐雪风,焦 健,等.不同品种油橄榄离体叶片对渗透胁迫的生理响应及其抗旱机制[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(9):1808-1814

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  • 在线发布日期: 2014-10-15
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