In order to explore the diversity and variation characteristics of phenotypic characters of wild apricot germplasm resources in Xinjiang.135 individual samples of three wild apricot germplasms populations in Xinjiang were taken as the experiment materials in this paper.And the relevant indicators of the plant morphological characteristics were measured.Phenotypic index and principal component analysis were analysed by DPS7.05 software,and the euclidean distance were calculated,too.The clustering analysis that based on euclidean distance of three populations were analysed by MEGA3.1 software with UPGMA method.The results were showed:(1)simpson and Shannon-weaver index of numerical and non-numerical characteristics of Huocheng population were all the highest (0.979 9,0.979 9;0.981 9,0.981 9),Gongliu population was in the middle(0.975 5,0.975 5;0.978 6,0.978 6),Xinyuan population was the smallest (0.944 7,0.944 7;0.945 2,0.945 2).The phenotypic diversity of Huocheng population was the richest,Gongliu population was in the middle,and the phenotypic diversity of Xinyuan population was the least.(2)The variation coefficient of phenotypic characters of different populations were between 6.16%-54.58%.Most variation coefficients of phenotypic characters were all more than 10%.In Huocheng and Xinyuan populations,the variation coefficient of the shape index was the minimum.But in Gongliu population,the variation coefficient of leaf aspect ratio was the minimum.The variation coefficients of hardness of three populations were all the maximum.Otherwise,the variation coefficients of fruit weight,nuclear fresh weight and shell thickness were generally larger.(3)The genetic distance between Xinyuan population and Gongliu population was the biggest with 20.445 3,the genetic relationship of them was the farthest.The genetic distance between Huocheng population and Xinyuan population was least for 19.218 6,and the genetic relationship of them was close.(4)In the principal component analysis of 35 characters,the cumulative contribution rate of 14 principal components was 80.64%.The leaf length,leaf width,leaf aspect ratio,shape of leaf base,shape of leaf apex,fruit weight,fresh nuclear weight,fresh kernel weight,fruit shape and soluble solids were the main factors that cause the apricot germplasm phenotypic differences.