增施钾肥对大棚蟠桃品质及营养生长的影响
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江苏省农业科技自主创新资金[CX(14)2015]


Effect of Potassium Fertilizer Application on Fruit Quality and Vegetative Growth of Flat Peach
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    摘要:

    该研究以蟠桃品种‘金霞蟠桃’和‘玉霞蟠桃’为试材,分别在2个品种成熟前3周(3W)、2周(2W)和1周(1W)每树环施钾肥(K2O)1 000 g,比较不同时期施肥处理蟠桃果实外观品质、内在品质以及营养生长的变化。结果表明:(1)在蟠桃果实成熟前2W和3W尤其是2W施用钾肥,蟠桃果实单果重和体积总体较大,‘金霞蟠桃’2W处理果实单果重、横径和侧径分别显著高于1W处理11.48%、3.51%和3.03%,‘玉霞蟠桃’2W处理则分别显著高于1W处理56.86%、14.97%和3.67%;(2)不同时期增施钾肥对‘玉霞蟠桃’果实颜色的变化影响总体较小,‘金霞蟠桃’2W和3W处理果实的a*值分别显著高于1W处理55.02%和44.49%,但2W和3W处理之间差异不显著;(3)增施钾肥后,2个蟠桃品种果实可溶性固形物含量、蔗糖含量从高到低依次为2W>3W>1W,可溶性糖总量大小也依次为2W>3W>1W,但2W和3W处理间差异不显著;不同时期增施钾肥对2个蟠桃品种果实有机酸总量和枝叶营养生长总体影响不大。研究认为,在蟠桃果实成熟前2周左右施用钾肥,成熟时果实体积、单果重增大,果肉可溶性固形物、蔗糖、可溶性总糖含量以及糖酸比高,果实综合品质得到有效改善,但增施钾肥过早或过晚都无法达到最佳效果。

    Abstract:

    Potassium fertilizer was applied on flat peach cultivars ‘Jinxia Pantao’ and ‘Yuxia Pantao’ at three weeks (3W),2 weeks(2W) and one week (1W) before fruit maturation,respectively.The appearance quality,internal quality and vegetative growth weight were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)the fruit volume and single fruit weight were significantly increased upon the application of potassium fertilizer at 2 weeks before maturation (2W).The single fruit weight,cheek diameter and suture diameter of ‘Jinxia Pantao’ with potassium fertilizer application at 2 weeks before maturation (2W) were 11.48%,3.51% and 3.03% higher,respectively than that of 1W.The single fruit weight,cheek diameter and suture diameter of ‘Yuxia Pantao’ with treatment of 2W were 56.86%,14.97% and 3.67% higher,respectively than that of 1W.(2)Potassium application had minor effect on fruit color of ‘Yuxia Pantao’,but significantly increased a* value of ‘Jinxia Pantao’.The a* values of ‘Jinxia Pantao’ with treatment of 2W and 3 W were significantly higher than that of 1W,which were increased by 55.02% and 44.49%,respectively.(3)Soluble solid content,sucrose and soluble sugar of ‘Jinxia Pantao’ and ‘Yuxia Pantao’ were all in sequence of 2W>3W>1W,but there was no significant difference in soluble sugar content between 2W and 3W.By contrast,potassium application had minor effect on accumulation of total acid and vegetative growth both in ‘Jinxia Pantao’ and ‘Yuxia Pantao’.These results indicate that the optimum period of potassium fertilizer application was at 2 weeks before maturation.

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郭 磊,张斌斌,宋宏峰,等.增施钾肥对大棚蟠桃品质及营养生长的影响[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(11):2273-2279

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  • 在线发布日期: 2015-12-07
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