Specimens for this study were collected from Southern Tianshan Mt.in Xinjiang Province,China.In the laboratory,standard methods of morphological,anatomical and chemotaxonomical analyses were used.The chemical analyses were carried out using spot tests (TC),thin layer chromatography (TLC).As a result,we found one lichen genus Lempholemma Krb with one species,Lempholemma cladodes (Tuck.) Zahlbr and another species,Lichinella nigritella (Lettau) P.Moreno & Egea in the Lichen genus Lichinella Nyl are recognized in the lichen family Lichinaceae in Xinjiang Province and are described as new to China.Lempholemma is characterized by its hemiangiocarpous or pycnoascocarps ascoma and Nostoc photobionts.L.nigritella is characterized by its polyphyllous thalli,small lobules at the lobe tips,minute globose isidia at upper surface.Detailed taxonomic descriptions with comments and photos are provided.This study provides not only valuable information for the application of research on Xinjiang lichens,but also scientific research materials for the diversity of lichen in China.