Using the hand sliced method,we observed the external morphology and anatomical characters of fruit of 17 genera 23 species in Umbelliferae in this paper.There are three types of fruits:dosal strongly compressed,lateral strongly compressed and not compressed;Lateral ribs are wide or narrow;For vittae in the furrow,it contains mono-vittae and multi-vittae;The stylopodium of most species is conical,and that of a few species is flat;Calyx teeth are small or obsolete.The comparison of anatomical characters of fruit among different genera and within one genus shows that:(1)bristles or spines on the fruit surface and the features of ribs exhibit distinct differences among different genera,whereas are identical within one genus.The two characters can be evaluated as significant taxonomic references in the genus level in Umbelliferae;(2)the shape of fruit transection and the morphological characters of endosperm concrescence and calyx teeth are significant characters at the species level.Based on morphological characters of fruit,a key to 17 genera and 23 species is provided.