6-7 years of olive trees were selected as materials,and three soil moisture conditions of full irrigation (W_CK),2/3 irrigation (W₁) and 1/3 irrigation (W₂) were set in this paper.We investigated the influences of soil-loosening on the physicochemical index,soil fertility related enzyme activities of olive rhizosphere soil,olive resistance physiology indexes and root activity under drought stress,explored the physiological mechanism of olive oil to improve soil drought resistance,so as to offer theoretical and technical support for the production of oil olive.The results showed that:(1)with the decrease of irrigation amount,superoxide anion production rate and MDA and H₂O₂ contents of the olive leaves increased,which indicated that the leaves suffered from the oxidative stress and even lipid peroxidation.However,the soil-loosening inhabited their growth and the stability index of cell membrane was decreased.(2)After soil-loosening treatment,POD and CAT activities were significantly increased except for SOD activity and glutathione content.(3)The activity of soil enzymes and water content in the rhizosphere soil of olive increased,while the soil’s pH value decreased through the treatment of soil-loosening.All the above changes should have positive effects on mineral nutrition and water absorption,especially under the condition of drought stress caused by insufficient irrigation.(4)Chlorophyll content and root vigor also increased with soil-loosening treatment.In a word,soil loosening enhanced the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant system,improved the ability of the osmotic adjustment and enhanced the root activity through the improvement of the olive rhizosphere microenvironment,then enhanced the olive’s drought resistance as a whole.