香樟凋落叶分解对辣椒及土壤氮营养的限制作用
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国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2011BAC09B05);中央财政林业科技推广示范项目([2011]TK省06号);四川省“十二五”农作物育种攻关项目(2011NZ0098-10)


Limitation of Allelopathic Cinnamomum camphora Leaf Litter on Nitrogen Nutrition in Capsicum annuum and Soil
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    摘要:

    香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)凋落叶分解能够明显干扰受体植物的生长、生殖、光合生理和活性氧代谢。该研究继续采用盆栽试验,探讨了不同量[0(对照)、25、50和100 g]的香樟凋落叶添加到土壤(10 kg/盆)中对受体植物辣椒(Capsicum annuum)及其土壤氮营养状况的影响,外源氮(尿素)输入对凋落叶分解的交互作用,以及凋落叶分解效应的产生是否因为其较高的C/N比而导致微生物争氮。结果显示:(1)各剂量(25~100 g/盆)凋落叶处理下,辣椒幼苗硝态氮、可溶性蛋白和全氮含量均在至少2个月内大幅显著降低。(2)土壤硝态氮与辣椒硝态氮、全氮间均具有极显著的协同下降趋势;土壤微生物生物量氮则在总体上高于对照,而土壤全氮和铵态氮的响应较小。(3)施氮不仅使辣椒各氮组分和土壤硝态氮含量整体提升,还使凋落叶分解在这些指标上的抑制作用显著减弱。(4)香樟凋落叶的初始C/N为125.61±4.89,其在土壤中分解48~137 d后的C/N始终远高于Hodge假说指出的可导致微生物争氮的临界值,但经过分解120 d和135 d的凋落叶添加到土壤中并不抑制辣椒的生长。研究认为,香樟凋落叶分解初期可能释放了不利于土壤硝化过程的物质,造成土壤硝态氮匮乏,以致受体植物的氮素吸收和积累减少,而凋落叶较高的C/N比及土壤微生物争氮并非主导因素。

    Abstract:

    Modifications of morphological and developmental growth,photosynthetic characteristics and reactive oxygen species metabolism in the receiver plant as affected by decomposing camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) leaf litter have been preliminarily revealed in the previous work.As a continuation,another pot experiment (25,50 and 100 g leaf litter was severally mixed with 10 kg soil and loaded into the pot,the control was free of leaf litter) was conducted to investigate the effects of decomposing camphor tree leaf litter on nitrogen status in the receiver plant hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) and soil,the modification of exogenous N (urea) input on these effects,and whether these effects could be explained by soil microbial N immobilization,which was hypothetically attributed to a high C/N ratio in the leaf litter.The results showed that:(1)nitrate N,soluble protein and total N in hot pepper seedlings were all decreased sharply and significantly after exposure to different doses of the leaf litter (25-100 g per pot),in at least two months.(2)The decrease of soil nitrate N was significantly consistent with that of plant nitrate N and total N with the increasing leaf litter dose,while soil microbial biomass N was generally higher treated by the leaf litter compared to the control,and much slighter alterations were found in soil ammonium N and total N.(3)N application not only elevated N nutrition level in hot pepper and nitrate N in soil exposed to each leaf litter treatment,but also decreased the inhibitory effect of camphor tree leaf litter on these indices.(4)The initial C/N ratio in the leaf litter is high (125.61±4.89),and this ratio maintained at values much higher after 48 day to 137 day decomposition than the hypothesized critical value range,located in or/and surpass which soil microbial N immobilization would occur.However,no limited growth in hot pepper was observed after application of the leaf litter that has decomposed for 120 and 135 days,though possessing high C/N ratio.It is concluded that some chemicals released during the decomposition of camphor tree leaf litter interfere with the nitrification process and decreased nitrate N in soil,resulting in reduction of N absorption and accumulation in the receiver plant.While,N immobilization caused by soil microbes,despite the high C/N ratio in the leaf litter,plays a secondary role in the effect of decomposing leaf litter stated previously.

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陈 洪,马光良,王光剑,等.香樟凋落叶分解对辣椒及土壤氮营养的限制作用[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(1):106-115

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  • 在线发布日期: 2016-02-24
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