地膜/网纱覆盖对冬季菠萝园小环境及菠萝生长和果实品质特性的影响
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农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203021);广东省省级科技计划(2013B060400035)


Regulation of Film/Gauze Covering on Micro-environmental Factors in Pineapple Plantation and Its Effects on Growth and Quality Properties of Pineapple
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    摘要:

    为探明地膜/网纱覆盖在菠萝冬季防寒中的作用,以露地(NF)栽培为对照,设置地膜+网(FM+GC)、地膜(FM)及露地+网(NF+GC)3种处理,研究了地膜/网纱覆盖对冬季菠萝园小环境温湿度、光照强度、土壤温度的调控效应,及其对冬季菠萝植株、果实生长,果实品质形成等的影响。结果显示,(1)与露地对照相比,地膜+网、地膜及露地+网处理均提高了小环境的空气温度;地膜+网、露地+网均提高了空气湿度,而地膜处理在10:00前可提高空气湿度,11:30后会降低;地膜+网、露地+网处理均降低了光照强度,但地膜处理则可略微提高光照强度;地膜+网、地膜及露地+网处理均提高了土壤温度。(2)地膜+网、地膜及露地+网处理的植株新抽叶片数增多,新抽叶片长度增加,果实单果重及纵、横径提高,但可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量及固/酸比变化不明显。(3)地膜+网、地膜处理的菠萝果实果皮的L*a*b*值提高,而露地+网处理的则降低;地膜+网处理的菠萝果肉L*a*b*值提高,而地膜处理的果肉L*值提高,a*b*值却降低;露地+网处理的菠萝果肉L*a*b*值均降低。(4)地膜+网处理的果实酯类香气物质总相对含量降低,烯类总相对含量提高;而地膜、露地+网处理的则相反。研究表明,地膜/网纱覆盖促进了冬季菠萝植株及果实的生长,对果实品质无显著影响,但网纱覆盖对菠萝果实色泽、香气物质有一定的影响。

    Abstract:

    The aim of this work was to investigate the efficiency of film/gauze covering on anti-chilling for pineapple in winter.The micro-environmental air temperature and humidity,light intensity,as well as soil temperature of the three treatments,namely film mulching and gauze covering (FM+GC),film mulching (FM) and no film-mulching but gauze covering (NF+GC),were compared with control (no film-mulching,NF).Also,the growth tendency of pineapple plants and fruits,as well as quality,color aspects and aroma components of pineapple fruits were monitored and compared.The results indicated:(1)FM+GC,FM and NF+GC increased the micro-environmental air temperature when compared with control.FM+GC and NF+GC increased the air humidity around one day.By FM,the air humidity was increased before 10:00 and then slightly decreased after 11:30.FM+GC and NF+GC decreased the light intensity,while NF slightly increased.FM+GC,FM and NF+GC increased the temperature of soil.(2)FM+GC,FM and NF+GC promoted the initiation of newly growing leaves and increased their length.FM+GC,FM and NF+GC increased the longitudinal and transverse diameters as well individual weight of pineapple fruits.No significant differences were observed when compared the TSS,TA (Titratable acidity) and TSS/TA ratio of the three treatments with control.(3)FM+GC and FM increased the values of L*,a* and b* of pineapple skin,whereas,NF+GC decreased.FM+GC increased the values of L*,a* and b* of pineapple pulp and NF+GC decreased,while,FM increased L* and decreased a* and b*.(4)FM+GC decreased the total content of ester aroma components and increased that of alkene components,while,the change tendency was inverted by FM and NF+GC.This present work suggested that Film/GC covering effectively prevented the pineapple from chilling and promoted the growth of pineapple plants and fruits in winter.Film/GC covering slightly affected the quality properties of pineapple fruits.GC covering negatively affected the coloration and the aroma components of pineapple fruits ripened in winter-spring seasons in some degree.

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刘传和,凡 超.地膜/网纱覆盖对冬季菠萝园小环境及菠萝生长和果实品质特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(1):139-146

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  • 在线发布日期: 2016-02-24
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