It was undertaken on the revision of Paeonia species in Qinling Mountains by the field investigation, herbarium specimens and literature record. The results showed that there were eight wild species and one cultivar in this region, and they were classified into two groups: sect. Mouton and sect. Paeonia. Geographic distribution study showed that four species belonging to sect. Paeonia: P. obovata, P. mairei, P. lactiflora, P. anomala subsp. veitchii, also P. suffruticosa Andrews and P. rockii were widespread, P. qiui and P. ostii were found in middle and eastern regions, and P. jishanensis was only in eastern region of Qinling Mountains. Finally, a key to species was proposed.