In this study, fifteen SSR primer pairs with polymorphism were used to assess genetic diversity and relationship of 60 wild tea germplasms from Qiannan prefecture. The results showed that the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) was 98.64%. A total of 147 observed alleles and 73.778 6 effective alleles were generated, with a mean of 9.8 and 4.918 6 per locus. Totally 280 genotypes were detected in all materials, with a mean of 18.7 for each polymorphism primer pairs. The polymorphism information content varied from 0.123 9 to 0.926 8, with an average of 0.572 5. The average observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.470 0 and 0.602 3, respectively. The average Shannon’s information index was 1.464 4. The similarity coefficient among 60 tea germplasms was 0.205 1 to 0.863 6. When the similarity coefficient was 0.477 5, eight major groups were generated from all the accessions tested by UPGMA clustering analysis. The results showed that there were no significant correlation between genetic and geographic distance among the tea germplasms, and some individuals in the same population distributed in different groups of the cluster. These results suggested that the materials used in the experiment possessed a broad genetic variation, showing a high level of genetic polymorphism among tea germplasms revealed by SSR markers.