The paper aims to discuss the relationship between Mielichhoferia group and Bryaceae, to identify morphological synapomorphy between Mielichhoferia group and Mniaceae, to solve the problem of systematic position of Mielichhoferia group, to figure out the classification of Mielichhoferiaceae in China. Morphological characters of more than 4 000 specimens of Mielichhoferiaceae and its related groups in China were analyzed. And then, neighbor joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML) tree were built based on combined trnG, rps4, trnLtrnF, and atpBrbcL cpDNA sequences of 40 specimens for 35 species. Combining morphological and molecular data in the analyses showed that: (1) not only were Mielichhoferia group and Bryaceae family in the different clades in the molecular tree, but also morphological features, such as the leaf shape, the leaf cells of the two groups were different. Mielichhoferia group should be separated from Bryaceae. (2) No morphological synapomorphy can be detected for Mielichhoferia group and Mniaceae family, although they were in the same clade in the molecular tree. The two groups were not monophyletic. (3) Mielichhoferiaceae is a natural monophyletic group. In Mielichhoferiaceae, the plants are small, stems tend to be much branched than in Bryaceae; leaves are Pohlialike in shape and areolation; gametangia are often produced on lateral branches or the base of stems; peristome is diplolepideousalternate, often reduced to one layer or rarely absent. (4) There are five genera, Mielichhoferia, Pohlia, Pseudopohlia, Synthetodontium and Epipterygium, in Mielichhoferiaceae in China, total 32 species and 2 variaties.