干旱胁迫对枇杷生理特性及生长的影响
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国家农业科技成果转化项目(2010GB2F000408)


Physiological Characteristics and Growth of Loquat under Drought Stress
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    摘要:

    以3年生‘大五星’枇杷嫁接苗为试验材料,通过盆栽控水试验设置4个水分处理梯度:对照(CK)、轻度胁迫(LS)、中度胁迫(MS)和重度胁迫(SS),研究不同程度土壤干旱对枇杷幼树的生长和生理特性的影响。结果显示:(1)枇杷的株高、地上和地下生物量随干旱胁迫的增强呈下降趋势。(2)在轻度和中度胁迫下叶片叶绿素含量增加,随着土壤水分的减少,叶绿素含量和叶片相对含水量(LRWC)均显著下降。(3)叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)随着干旱胁迫的加剧均显著下降,其中Gs下降幅度最大,而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)则表现为先下降后上升,重度胁迫时叶片的水分利用率(WUE)最低。(4)干旱的加重使叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性呈现先增加后降低的趋势,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在轻度胁迫下最为活跃但在重度胁迫时显著降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量在中度胁迫第10天开始显著升高。(5)随干旱胁迫的加剧游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量增加且在重度胁迫第10天达到最大值,而可溶性蛋白(SP)含量在胁迫后期与对照无显著差异,可溶性糖(SS)含量在重度胁迫后期达到峰值且与对照差异显著。研究表明,在轻度和中度干旱胁迫下,枇杷叶片光合作用受到抑制,但能够积极调控抗氧化酶的活性和渗透调节物质的含量等来增强耐受性,而重度胁迫下,叶片膜系统和光合系统受到损伤,枇杷生长受到严重抑制。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the effects on physiological characteristics and growth of loquat under drought stress, we conducted a pot experiment of 4 treatments which were CK, light stress (LS), moderate stress (MS) and severe stress (SS) by using 3yearold ‘Dawuxing loquat. The results showed that: (1) Plant height, stem leaf biomass and root biomass were inhibited under drought stress. (2) The chlorophyll contents increased under light and moderate drought stress, the leaf relative water content (LRWC) and chlorophyll contents decreased significantly following the lack of the relative water content of soil. (3) Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) showed decreasing trends significantly and Gs was the most sensitive one to drought stress. However, intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased and then declined with increasing drought stress. Water use efficiency (WUE) got the minimum under severe stress. (4) With water stress intensifying, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and peroxidase (POD) activity decreased after an initial increase. Catalase (CAT) played a pivotal role at light stress, while reduced at severe stress. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content enhanced significantly under moderate stress for 10 days. (5) Free proline (Pro) content increased when drought stress was fortified and was the highest after severe stress for 10 days. However, soluble protein (SP) content had no significant difference under the late of drought stress. The soluble sugar content peaked in the later of severe stress and had significant difference with the contrast. The results proved that loquat leaves enhanced their tolerance and adaptability by controlling the activities of antioxidant enzymes and osmotic adjustment and protective enzyme system under light or moderate stress, though the water deficit restrained its photosynthesis. The membrane system and photosynthetic system of loquat were damaged and enzyme activities affected so that the growth of loquat were badly inhibited with the increase of drought stress.

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王 丹,龚荣高,荣 毅.干旱胁迫对枇杷生理特性及生长的影响[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(7):1399-1407

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  • 在线发布日期: 2016-08-16
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