With the method of Illumina MiSeq sequencing, we investigated the seasonal dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in the rhizosphere of Clematis fruticosa in the arid sunny slopes of the Daqingshan Mountains. By the methods of redundancy analysis (RDA) and Mantel test, we also analyzed the relationships between AMF and soil and plant factors. It would provide important scientific basis to further discuss the response of C. fruticosaAMF symbioses to climate changes in different seasons. The results indicated that: (1) Spore density of AMF was no significant difference among seasons, but colonization rate and arbuscule abundance of AMF had a decreasing trend from spring to autumn. (2) A total of 163 AMF OTUs (operational taxonomic units) were detected in three seasons, 116 OTUs, 76 OTUs and 70 OTUs were detected in spring, summer and autumn, respectively. (3) AMF richness (Observed OTUs and Chao 1 index) and diversity (ShannonWiener index and Invsimpson index) of summer and autumn were significantly lower than that of spring, but there were no significant differences between summer and autumn. (4) Principal coordinate analysis and PERMANOVA analyses indicated that AMF community compositions of summer and autumn were significantly different from that of spring, while the difference was not significant in summer and autumn. (5) RDA analysis showed that sampling season, plant coverage, plant diversity, soil moisture content and soil organic matter significantly influenced ShannonWiener index, Invsimpson index, Chao 1 index and Observed OTUs of AMF. Mantel test indicated that sampling season was the driving factor to affect community composition and colonization rate of AMF, but had no significantly influence on spore density, soil organic matter was the driving factor to influence spore density.