环境因子对山西太岳山典型森林类型物种多样性及其功能多样性的影响
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国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0600205)


Effect of Environment Factors on Species Diversity and Functional Diversity of the Typical Forests of Taiyue Mountain Shanxi, China.
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    摘要:

    该研究采用典型样地法,调查群落内物种分布并测量植物功能性状(叶面积和植株高度),对山西太岳山不同坡位华北落叶松白桦混交林以及辽东栎次生林物种多样性及其功能多样性进行比较分析,探究环境因子对不同群落层次(乔木、灌木、草本)物种多样性及其功能多样性的影响机制,以及环境因子与群落构建之间的联系,为森林生态系统多样性研究以及经营管理提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)华北落叶松白桦混交林的物种分布更加均匀,物种多样性和功能多样性(乔木层)均显著高于辽东栎次生林。(2)华北落叶松白桦混交林乔木层功能均匀度与功能分散指数显著高于辽东栎次生林,但灌木草本层低于辽东栎次生林。(3)不同群落层次的物种多样性与功能多样性均呈正相关关系,影响物种分布和性状分布的环境因子存在差异,物种多样性受多种环境因子的综合影响,而单个环境因子对功能多样性影响较大,环境解释力与林分类型和群落层次相关。(4)乔木层物种多样性主要受土壤pH、冠层结构(MLA、林分开度)以及光照影响,灌木层物种多样性与土壤pH和MLA密切相关,林下总辐射、土壤养分(SOC、STN)、土壤相对含水率是影响草本层物种分布的主要环境因子;冠层结构(MLA、林分开度)是影响乔木层功能多样性最主要的环境因子,土壤pH和坡位分别是华北落叶松白桦混交林和辽东栎次生林灌木层功能多样性的主要影响因子,影响草本层功能多样性的主要环境因子是土壤相对含水率与LAI。研究表明,在垂直分层的森林生态系统中,不同群落层次竞争的主要环境资源存在差异,乔木层通过改变冠层结构和林内环境限制林下物种分布和性状分布。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the influence mechanism of environmental factors on species diversity and functional diversity of different community levels (arbor, shrub and herb) as well as the relationship between environmental factors and community construction, we investigated the distribution of species and measured plant height and leaf area of all species based on the field investigation, and then calculated five diversity indices (i.e., the species diversity, species evenness, functional diversity, functional evenness, functional dispersion) of different community levels which belong to two typical forests in Shanxi Province in northern China. The results indicated that: (1) the species of larch birch mixed forest distributed more uniform, and its species diversity and functional diversity (the arbor layer) were significantly higher than that in the Quercus wutaishanica forest. (2) Compared with the Q. wutaishanica forest, the functional evenness and dispersion of the arbor layer on larch birch mixed forest was significantly greater, while the functional evenness and dispersion of shrub and herb layer on larch birch mixed forest were lower than those of shrub and herb layers on the Q. wutaishanica forest. (3) SD was positively correlated with FD, there were differences between the influence of the environmental factors on species distribution and the influence of the environmental factors on function distribution, which the species distribution was related to the comprehensive influence of the environmental factors and the latter was related to the standalone influence of a particular environment factor. The explanatory of environmental factors was influenced by forest types and community levels. (4) SD of the arbor layer was mainly affected by soil pH, canopy structure (MLA, openness) and PPFD total under, which of the shrub layer was closely related to soil pH and MLA and of the herb layer was influenced by PPFD total under, soil nutrients (SOC and STN) and relative soil water content. While, canopy structure (MLA, openness) was the main environmental factor affecting FD of the arbor layer, soil pH and slope position significantly influenced FD of the shrub layer in the Larch birch forest and the Q. wutaishanica forest respectively, which of the herb layer were mainly affected by LAI and relative soil water content. As such, the results showed that different community levels had different competitive resources in vertical stratification of forest and the arbor layer can limit the distribution of species and traits by changing the canopy structure and affecting understory microenvironment. This study would provide some theoretical support for the study of how environment influence on species diversity and functional diversity and how to develop more scientific forest ecosystem management.

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田 平,程小琴,韩海荣,等.环境因子对山西太岳山典型森林类型物种多样性及其功能多样性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2017,37(5):992-1003

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  • 在线发布日期: 2017-06-05
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