To study the spatial heterogeneity of soil organic matter (SOM) and soil enzyme of Caragana korshinskii shrub nebkhas, we evaluated the content of SOM and enzyme activities (urease, saccharase, phosphatase, catalase) of different size C.korshinskii shrub nebkhas in three positions (the top, the middle and the bottom of nebkhas). The results indicated that: (1) the different sizes of nebkhas had no significantly effect on content of soil water moisture and pH value and it had little different among top, middle and bottom positions. The content of SOM decreased with the nebkhas development. The SOM content of top is higher than that of others obviously. (2) The activity of urease and saccharase decreased with the nebkhas development, while phosphatase and catalase first increased and then decreased. The soil enzyme activities decreased from top to bottom of nebkhas. The soil enzyme activities decreased with soil depth. The soil pH value, nebkhas size and soil water moisture were shown significant negative relation to soil saccharase enzyme activities（P ＜0.05), while had very significant negative to phosphatase. The SOM content had no correlation with catalase, while had very significant positive to others. These results suggested that C.korshinskii could increase soil nutrient and enhance soil enzyme activities. Caragana could play a vital role in soil recovery in a graded area of a desert zone and gradually reduced with the development of the nebkhas.