In this study, four provenances of seedlings from Hanzhong of Shaanxi, Linzhou of Henan, Shexian of Hebei and Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences of Beijing were selected as the research materials. This research analyzed the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin and leaf color parameters (L^*, a^*, b^*) using spectrophotometer and colorimeter, explored the leaf color change in autumn and differences among provenances of Pistacia chinensis Bunge and discovered the internal relation between leaf color presentation and pigment content to select superior provenances of P. chinensis for the afforestation of our city. Our results showed that: (1) the chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin contents of leaves of P. chinensis in the four provenances showed different trend along with time in autumn. The content of anthocyanin in Hebei provenances was higher than others resulted in red leaves. However, green leaves in Shaanxi occurred longer than other provenances due to the higher chlorophyll content. The leaf color in Henan and Beijing provenances were between green and red. (2) For all four provenances of P. chinensis, there was a significant positive correlation between a^* value(Red/Green) of leaf color parameters and anthocyanin content (P<0.05), while a^* value was negatively correlated with the chlorophyll content (P<0.05). In addition, the L^* value(Gloss brightness) of leaf color parameters showed significant or extremely significant positive correlation with chlorophyll content. Therefore, the leaf color of P. chinensis in Hebei provenances was the reddest in autumn, whereas green leaves in Shaanxi occurred the longest. The colorimeter makes it possible to quantify the relationship between leaf color and pigment contents.