As a modern orchard soil management system at present, the intercropping Medicago sativa (M.sativa) model has been widely used in the orchards management at home and abroad. In this study, two treatments were designed for the clean tillage of Prunus armeniaca (P. armeniaca) (CK) and P. armeniaca intercropping M.sativa (T) in the field experiment. We measured the M.sativa root biomass and P. armeniaca lateral root biomass, and soil pH, conductivity, soil organic matter and available nitrogen content in all kinds of soil layer to analyze the influence of orchard intercropping mode on vertical distribution characteristics of P. armeniaca lateral root biomass and M.sativa root biomass, and soil physical and chemical properties, for the sake of providing theoretical basis for the orchard intercropping mode. The mayor results showed: (1) the vertical distributions of P. armeniaca lateral root biomass under both CK and T treatments mainly concentrated in the 20 to 60 cm, the P. armeniaca lateral root biomasses of CK and T treatments were 750.8 g and 737.6 g, accounting for 64.4% and 64.5% of the total iateral root biomass, respectively. The distribution of M.sativa root was gold tower type, mainly distributed in soil layer of 0 to 40 cm, and the biomass of M.sativa root in soil layer of 0 to 40 cm was 166.3 g, the biomass (97. 4 g, accounting for 35.8% of the total root biomass) was the highest in soil layer of 0-20 cm. (2) Compared to CK treatment, T treatment could effectively increase the contents of organic matter, available nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen of the surface soil in orchard. In 0-20 cm soil layer, they significantly increased 17.1%, 40.8%, 28.5% and 40.8%, respectively. In the 20-40 cm soil layer, they significantly increased 36.1%, 23.1%, 60.2% and 23.1%, respectively. T treatment and effectively reduced electrical conductivity of the surface soil, but did not significantly reduce pH of the surface soil. Therefore, the research suggested that fruit trees compete with M.sativa root was relatively small, but the intercropping grass could improve the physical and chemical properties undergrowth soil, and could promote the growth of fruit trees.