Abstract:Gentianaceae are famous alpine plants and distributed widely in temperate regions of the world. They are used in medicine as well as in gardening. Gentianaceae contain six tribes, in which Gentianeae (includes subtribe Gentianeae and Swertiinae) takes up more than a half of the species in Gentianaceae. Amounts of studies about taxonomy and evolution have performed in Gentianeae, especially after technology of molecular biology has been widely applied in this group. Here, we review recent studies that reported the taxonomy and evolution in Gentianeae. The new genera and taxa in Gentianeae were summarized as well. Finally, we highlight some open questions for future researches of taxonomy and evolution of Gentianeae (1) morphological character is important for taxonomy and evolution studies; (2) publication of new species should be cautious; (3) singlecopy nuclear gene should be used in phylogenetics; (4) hybridization and polyploidization should be paid more attention in the evolution of Gentianeae.