Abstract:The distribution characteristics of polysaccharides and lipid droplets in the development anther of Anoectochilus roxburghii were studied by cytochemistry. The result shoued that: (1) in young anthers, a small amount of starch grains are accumulated in the epidermis and the endothecium of the anther wall and the sporogenous cells. When the microspore mother cell forms a callose wall, the starch grains in the cells of anther wall and microspore mother cells decrease, and some lipids appear in the microspore mother cells, which continue to the bicellular pollens. However, in the twocelled pollen, the sugar metabolism was significantly enhanced, and by the time of flowering, more starches and fewer lipids were accumulated in the mature pollens. (2) The A. roxburghii pollen develops in the form of pollinium. There are three developmental characteristics of the pollinium: ① some special cell walls of sporogenous cells have been specialized and determined the outline of the pollinium. ② During the microspore mother cell period, the callose wall covers on the surface of entire pollinium, not on internal pollen. ③ In anaphase of bicellular pollen, the sporopollenin exine covers on the surface of the whole pollinium, not on internal pollen grains. These structural features of the development in the form of pollinium of A. roxburghii are reported little, and some interesting questions about pollen development of higher plant have been raised.