高温胁迫对海岛棉光合生理及棉铃发育的影响
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国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD010160505);


Effect of High Temperature Stress on Photosynthetic Physiology and Boll Development of Island Cotton
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    摘要:

    该试验于2018和2019年在新疆阿克苏地区阿瓦提县新疆农业科学院试验基地进行,采用田间搭设增温棚的方式于盛花期进行为期 3 d(H3)、6 d(H6)和 9 d(H9)的增温处理,以大田自然状态为对照(CK),研究花铃期增温对海岛棉光合生理及棉铃发育的影响。结果显示:(1)花铃期不同天数高温胁迫均导致棉铃对位叶蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间 CO2浓度(Ci)上升, 净光合速率(Pn)下降。(2)随着高温处理时间的延长,棉铃对位叶PSⅡ 的最大量子效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ 的实际光量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学淬灭(qP)、光合电子传递的相对速率(ETR)呈规律性降低趋势,而初始荧光(Fo)、非光化学淬灭(NPQ)呈上升趋势,且H3、H6和 H9 处理较CK差异显著(P<0.05),其中各参数快速上升或下降的阶段大多发生在高温持续3~6 d。(3)随着高温胁迫时间的增加,棉籽、纤维干物质量降低趋势明显;单株结铃数、单铃重、衣分、皮棉产量均呈显著下降趋势;高温还影响了棉铃发育,造成棉铃长度、体积减小。研究表明,在短期高温胁迫下,海岛棉铃对位叶光合能力的显著下降,主要是由非气孔因素导致的;持续高温胁迫导致PSⅡ的开放程度减小,电子传递能力下降,光合作用受到抑制,棉铃发育和产量构成因素均受到负面影响,最终导致产量降低。

    Abstract:

    During 2018 and 2019 in Xinjiang Awat County of Aksu area of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences test base, we investigated the effects of temperature on photosynthetic physiology and boll development of island cotton with the way of setup increase greenhouse field in full bloom stage for a 3 d (H3), 6 d (H6) and 9 d (H9) as treatments and with field state of nature as the control (CK). The results showed that: (1) the transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) decreased in the relative leaves of boll with the increase of high temperature stress. (2) With the extension of high temperature and processing time, the cotton boll para leaf PSⅡ largest quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm), the actual light quantum yield PSⅡ (ΦPSⅡ), and photochemical quenching (qP), relative photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) showed a decreasing trend. While, the initial fluorescence (Fo) and nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) showed an increasing trend, and the differences of H3, H6 and H9 were significant different compared with those of CK (P<0.05), among which the rapid rise or fall of each parameter mostly occurred in the 3 to 6 d continuous high temperature. (3) With the increase of high temperature stress time, the quality of cotton seed, fiber and boll shell dried matter decreased obviously. Boll number per plant, boll weight per plant, lint percentage and lint yield all showed a significant decreasing trend. In addition, the high temperature also affected boll development, resulting in the reduction of boll length and volume. The results showed that under the shortterm high temperature stress, the photosynthetic capacity of counterpoint leaves of island boll decreased significantly, which was mainly caused by nonstomatal factors. Continuous high temperature stress results in decreased PSⅡ openness, decreased electron transport capacity, and inhibited photosynthesis. Boll development and yield component factors are negatively affected, resulting in reduced yield.

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刘 群,陈 振,张巨松,等.高温胁迫对海岛棉光合生理及棉铃发育的影响[J].西北植物学报,2020,40(9):1574-1581

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  • 在线发布日期: 2020-10-10
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