By analyzing the shortterm community dynamics of evergreen deciduous broadleaved mixed forest in Mulinzi subtropical mountain area of Southwest Hubei Province, this study provides scientific basis for the protection, restoration and sustainable management of forest ecology in this area. Based on the 2.2 hm² dynamic monitoring sample plot of Mulinzi Nature Reserve, all woody plants with DBH (≥ 1 cm) in 2014 and 2019 were selected as the research objects, and the dynamic changes were analyzed from the aspects of species composition and diversity, important value, mortality, recruitment rate and DBH, etc. The results show that: (1) during the five years, the number of woody plants decreased from 17 308 to 16 533, with a decrease rate of 4.48%. The basal area at breast height increased from 31.42 m²·hm^-2 to 35.53 m²·hm^-2. 18 species of 6 genera in 1 family increased, and 7 species in 1 genus disappeared. Margalef richness index of arbor, sub tree, shrub and liana increased, while the Pielou evenness index decreased. Except for trees, the ShannonWiener diversity index and Simpson index of the other three growth types increased. (2) There were 1 269 recruitment individuals with an average DBH of 2.44 cm, the basal area at breast height of 0.32 m²·hm^-2, and an average increase of 115.36 plants·hm^-2·a^-1, belonging to 39 families, 59 genera and 99 species. There were 2 044 mortality individuals with an average DBH of 3.32 cm, a chest height of 1.31 m²·hm^-2 and an average of 185.82 plants·hm^-2·a^-1, belonging to 146 species, 90 genera and 51 families. There were significant differences in the number of supplement members and dead individuals in different diameter classes, which decreased with the increase of diameter class. (3) Among the 46 main species, 15 important values increased and 31 decreased. The range of increase and decrease was tree layer > shrub layer > subtree layer. The average DBH increased from 4.70 cm to 5.12 cm. The average DBH of Castanea henryi decreased, but the average breast height of other species increased. (4) Among the main tree species, 44 were growth type population, and the other two species had the same population growth rate. The annual recruitment rate of main species was greater than the annual mortality rate. The mortality rate of different growth type species and their different diameter classes were different. Generally speaking, the recruitment rate of different diameter classes was greater than the mortality rate. However, with the increase of diameter class, the difference between recruitment rate and mortality rate gradually decreased and tended to be flat. In general, The change range of species composition and diversity, the important value and average DBH of main species was small, and no obvious fluctuation occurred. The regeneration dynamics of different diameter classes of main species were different, but not violent. Therefore, the appearance of the whole community remained basically unchanged and the development was relatively stable.