In current research, six different age stages (0-49, 50-149, 150-349, 350-549, 550-749 and 750-900 a) of Cinnamomum camphora trees were investigated. We analyzed the dynamic changes of tree growth indicators, new leaves anatomical indexes, and physiological indexes by curve fitting and genetic algorithm, explored the law of C. camphora growth and development, and the senescence mechanism of C. camphora trees, screened senescence leading indicators, evaluated the degree of senescence and judged the tree age, to provide theoretical basis for age prediction, rejuvenation and protection of ancient C. camphora trees. The results showed that: (1) the tree age had a significant influence on the growth and development of C. camphora trees, which was reflected in the plant morphology, structure and physiological function, and the age effect had the largest influence on the physiological index, followed by the growth index of tree body, and the smallest on the anatomical index. (2) C. camphora tree is in the programmed senescence, according to which leaf cells in 130 a, leaf structure and physiological metabolism in 400 a, bark thickness and new shoot diameter in 450 a has entered the stage of senescence, while the eccentric growth of the trees (shoot length, crown width and DBH) is still in vigorous growth within 0-900 a, not entering the senescence stage. (3) Crown width and new leaves SOD activity can be used as single indexes to evaluate the senescence degree of C. camphora independent tree, and the model composed of bark thickness, crown width, new leaves SOD activity, PPO activity, and palisade tissue and spongy tissue ratio can be used as age prediction model of ancient C. camphora trees. Thus, the protection and rejuvenation of ancient C. camphora trees should start from leaf cells, improving their physiological function, especially antioxidant capacity, protecting the integrity of leaf cell structure, in order to ensure leaves in a continuous and efficient state of photosynthesis.