黄化茶树新梢色素和主要生化成分含量变化特征及其相关性分析
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国家自然科学基金(31760227);


Characteristics of Pigments and Main Biochemical Component Contents and Their Relationships in Young Shoot of Chlorophylldeficient Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis)
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    摘要:

    以茶树黄化品种‘中黄3号’(‘ZH3’)和常绿品系‘苔茶15’(‘TC15’)为材料,检测其4、5、7、8月新梢(一芽二叶)色素和主要生化成分含量,探讨不同月份黄化茶树新梢色素和主要生化成分累积的特征以及它们之间的关系。结果表明:(1)新梢叶绿素a、总叶绿素含量在两种茶树中均随生育期先降低后上升,叶绿素b含量变化趋势不同,但均以8月份最高,‘ZH3’叶绿素b含量在4、5月份分别比‘TC15’低41.9%、54.9%,在7、8月份分别比‘TC15’高47.5%、22.1%;新梢类胡萝卜素含量在‘ZH3’中呈递减趋势,而在‘TC15’中表现为先下降后上升再下降;花青素含量在两种茶树中均先上升后下降,在4、5、8月份‘ZH3’略高于‘TC15’,在7月份‘ZH3’比‘TC15’低26.4%。(2)两种茶树新梢的花青素含量在总色素中占比均先增加后降低,总叶绿素含量占比则表现先降后升的变化趋势;类胡萝卜素含量占比在‘ZH3’中呈递减趋势,而在‘TC15’ 中先递减后小幅上升。(3)两种茶树新梢的游离氨基酸含量均先降低后上升并以4月份最高,茶多酚含量则均先升后降并以7月份最高,‘ZH3’水浸出物和咖啡碱含量在月份间变化不显著。(4)‘ZH3’ 新梢的游离氨基酸、水浸出物和咖啡碱含量与各色素含量相关均不显著,而其茶多酚含量与叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量均呈显著正相关关系,与类胡萝卜素含量呈显著负相关关系; ‘TC15’新梢的水浸出物和茶多酚含量与花青素含量、游离氨基酸含量与总叶绿素含量、咖啡碱含量与叶绿素a以及总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均呈显著正相关关系。研究发现,黄化茶树品种‘中黄3号’新梢颜色越黄,类胡萝卜素、游离氨基酸含量越高,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、茶多酚含量越低,叶绿素a/b值较高,花青素含量适中,茶树新梢色素含量与其主要生化成分含量关系密切。

    Abstract:

    The aim of this study is to uncover young shoot pigment changes of albino tea plant (Camellia sinensis) cultivar ‘Zhonghuang 3’ (‘ZH3’) and their correlation with main biochemical components accumulation. With the evergreen ‘Taicha 15’ (‘TC15’) strain as the control, we determined and analyzed the dynamic changes of pigments and main biochemical components in young shoots (one bud and two leaves) from two resources sampled in April, May, July and August. The content of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll in two resources initially increased and then decreased, while chlorophyll b content showed a different trend, and three physiological indicators reached its peak in August. Chlorophyll b content of ‘ZH3’ in April and May was 41.9% and 54.9%, respectively, lower than that of ‘TC15’, while that of ‘ZH3’ in July and August was 47.5% and 22.1%, respectively, higher than that of ‘TC15’. Carotenoids content of ‘ZH3’ decreased gradually, while that of ‘TC15’ first decreased, then increased and subsequently decreased. Anthocyanin content in two resources initially increased and then decreased. In April, May and August, anthocyanin content of ‘ZH3’ was slightly higher than that of ‘TC15’, but 26.4% lower than that of ‘TC15’ in July. The proportion of anthocyanin in two resources increased first and then decreased, whereas the opposite trend was observed for that of total chlorophyll. The proportion of carotenoids in ‘ZH3’ showed a decreased trend, while that in ‘TC15’ decreased first and then increased slightly. Free amino acids content in two types of tea plants was the highest in April, and showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, while the content of tea polyphenols reached the maximum value in July, and showed the opposite trend. No significant changes of water extracts and caffeine contents in ‘ZH3’ among different months were observed. Free amino acids, water extract and caffeine content in ‘ZH3’ was not significantly correlated with pigments content. Tea polyphenols content in ‘ZH3’ was positively and significantly correlated with chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content, respectively, while negatively and significantly correlated with carotenoid content. Positive significant correlations between anthocyanin content with water extract and tea polyphenol content were observed for ‘TC15’. Free amino acid content in ‘TC15’ had positive correlations with total chlorophyll content. There were positive correlations between caffeine content with chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content in ‘TC15’. Our data suggested that the yellower young shoots color in ‘ZH3’ was the higher content of carotenoid and free amino acids, the lower content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and tea polyphenols, the high chlorophyll a/b ratio, and the moderate anthocyanin content. There existed a very close relationship between pigments and biochemical components in young shoots of tea plant.

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刘声传,魏 杰,林开勤,等.黄化茶树新梢色素和主要生化成分含量变化特征及其相关性分析[J].西北植物学报,2021,41(5):808-816

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  • 在线发布日期: 2021-06-22
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