额济纳湿地多枝柽柳种群的遗传多样性与遗传结构
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国家林业和草原局林业科技发展项目(KJZXSA2019047);


Genetic Diversity and Genetic Structure of Tamarix ramosissima Populations in Ejina Wetlands
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    摘要:

    多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)是干旱区分布最广的柽柳属植物之一,可分布在沙荒地、干旱盐碱地和盐碱湿地等生境中,在维持特定生态系统稳定和保护植物种质资源多样性方面具有重要作用。该研究利用14个ESTSSR分子标记,分析了阿拉善额济纳湿地12个天然多枝柽柳种群(191个个体)的遗传多样性和遗传结构,为额济纳湿地多枝柽柳种质资源的管理、保护和利用提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)14个ESTSSR标记在191个多枝柽柳个体中共扩增出79个等位基因(Na),平均每个基因座上的等位基因数为5.6,期望杂合度(He)平均为0.55,观测杂合度(Ho)平均为0.29,多态信息含量(PIC)平均为0.51,说明所调查种群的遗传变异信息丰富。(2)12个多枝柽柳种群的平均多态位点比率为97.0%,平均Shannons信息指数(I)为0.862,平均固定指数(F)为0.332,表明该地区多枝柽柳群体的遗传多样性较高。(3)种群内的近交系数(Fis)为0.366,种群间的平均遗传分化系数(Fst)为0.079,平均基因流(Nm)为4.425,表明所调查种群间的基因交流频繁,且种群内的遗传变异明显高于种群间。(4)在遗传结构上,12个多枝柽柳种群可分为4个亚群;种群间的遗传距离与地理距离无相关性(r=0.194,P=0.120)。研究发现,所调查的多枝柽柳种群具有较丰富的遗传多样性,但它们均呈现出一定程度的杂合子不足及近交现象,对该地区多枝柽柳遗传多样性的长期维持构成了潜在不利影响。

    Abstract:

    Tamarix ramosissima is one of the most widely distributed Tamarix species in extremely arid areas. It can inhabit sandy wasteland, arid salinealkali land, and salinealkali wetland, etc., and it plays an important role in maintaining the stability of a specific ecosystem and protecting the diversity of plant germplasm resources. In this study, by using 14 ESTSSR markers, we analyzed the genetic diversity and genetic structure of 12 natural T. ramosissima populations (191 individuals) in the Ejina wetlands of the Alxa area. It provides a theoretical basis for the management, protection, and utilization of Tamarix germplasm resources in the region. The results showed that: (1) a total of 79 alleles (Na) were amplified from 14 ESTSSR markers. The average number of alleles per locus was 5.6, the average expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.55, the average observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.29, and the average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.51, indicating that the investigated populations had abundant information of genetic variation. (2) the average polymorphic loci ratio, the average Shannons information index (I), and the average fixed index (F) of the 12 T. ramosissima populations were 97.0%, 0.862, and 0.332, respectively, which indicated that the T. ramosissima populations in this area processed a high level of genetic diversity. (3) The mean inbreeding coefficient (Fis) within the populations was 0.366, and the average genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) and gene flow (Nm) between the populations were 0.079 and 4.425, respectively. These results suggested that the genetic exchange between the populations existed widely, and the genetic variation within the investigated populations was significantly higher than that between populations. (4) The genetic structure analysis showed that the 12 T. ramosissima populations could be divided into four subpopulations, and the genetic distances between these populations were uncorrelated with their geographical distances (r=0.194, P=0.120). The present study identified that the investigated T. ramosissima populations had rich genetic diversity, while they all showed a certain degree of heterozygote deficiency and inbreeding, which had a potentially adverse effect on the longterm maintenance of genetic diversity of T. ramosissima in this area.

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张雅楠,黄 蕾,张 雷,等.额济纳湿地多枝柽柳种群的遗传多样性与遗传结构[J].西北植物学报,2021,41(7):1148-1157

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  • 在线发布日期: 2021-08-19
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