Abstract:We determined and analyzed the phenotypic characteristics and nutritional components of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr ‘Fengdan’seeds from 12 introduced areas in Sichuan basin, and combined with ecological factors such as meteorology, soil nutrients and altitude, in order to provide theoretical support for scientific introduction and highefficiency cultivation of ‘Fengdan’. The correlation between seed characters and ecological factors was studied and key ecological factors affecting seed quality were revealed. The results showed that: (1) the transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, seed shape index and 1 000 grain weight of phenotypic characters of ‘Fengdan’ seeds in each sampling area had extremely significant differences (P < 0.01), and their variation ranges were 7.98-10.63 mm, 7.75-10.86 mm, 0.80-1.32 and 311.23-393.15 g, respectively. The longitudinal diameter and 1 000 grain weight of seeds in Nanjiang County of Bazhong City were the largest (10.86 mm, 393.15 g), and the transverse diameter and seed shape index were the largest in Ebian County of Leshan City and Xichong County of Nanchong City (10.63 mm, 1.32). (2) There were significant differences in oil, protein, αlinolenic acid and linoleic acid contents (P<0.01) in the seeds of ‘Fengdan’ from different sampling sites, and the ranges of their changes were 20.5%-26.9%, 15.6%-19.6%, 42.8%-47.1% and 15.7%-19.6%, respectively, which were higher in Nanjiang County of Bazhong City (26%, 18.3%, 47.1% and 18.3%). (3) The 1000grain weight of ‘Fengdan’seeds was significantly correlated with the content of αlinolenic acid and linoleic acid (r = 0.760 and -0.701), and the contents of linoleic acid and oleic acid were significantly correlated with the contents of protein (r =-0.686 and 0.665), while αlinolenic acid was negatively correlated with linoleic acid (r =-0.904), and palmitic acid was negatively correlated with stearic acid (r =-0.792). (4) The contribution of site conditions to the phenotypic characters and nutrient components of ‘Fengdan’seeds were as follows: available potassium > organic matter > altitude > available nitrogen > available phosphorus > pH, the contribution rates of climatic conditions are annual sunshine > average temperature of January > average temperature of July > annual rainfall > annual average temperature, among which altitude has a greater effect on seed phenotypic characters, and available potassium has a greater effect on seed shape index and oleic acid. The effects of organic matter and alkalihydrolyzable nitrogen on protein and oil contents were significant, and there were positive correlations between altitude, available potassium, available phosphorus, alkalihydrolyzable nitrogen and temperature with seed phenotypic traits, oil, αlinolenic acid, protein and palmitic acid contents, negative correlation with stearic acid and linoleic acid contents. The study found that there were significant differences in the phenotypic characters and the contents of main nutrient components of ‘Fengdan’ seeds introduced from different regions in Sichuan basin, ecological factors such as weather, soil nutrients and altitude have important effects on seed quality of ‘Fengdan’. We suggest to plant ‘Fengdan’ at areas with higher altitude and higher temperature, and rich in soil nutrients (organic matter, available potassium, available phosphorus, and alkalinehydrolyzed nitrogen).