贮藏期柚粒化过程中果实总细胞壁物质积累和维管束超微结构的变化
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福建省农业科学院青年科学基金(YC20166,2015QC7);


Total Cell Wall Material Accumulation and Changes in Ultrastructure of Vascular Bundle in Granulating Pummelo (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) Fruits during Storage
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    摘要:

    汁胞粒化是柑橘类果实一类普遍的生理失调病害,主要表现为汁胞硬度增加,果实品质降低。为了明确汁胞粒化过程其他果实组织的生理代谢特征,该试验以成熟‘琯溪蜜柚’果实为材料,室温贮藏60 d,测定不同贮藏阶段果实背面维管束汁胞、侧面维管束汁胞、囊衣和果皮总细胞壁物质含量,以及两类汁胞可溶性固形物含量,同时利用透射电子显微镜观察果实背面维管束和侧面维管束细胞超微结构的动态变化。结果显示:(1)贮藏10 d时两类果实维管束的筛管和伴胞次生细胞壁开始明显加厚,韧皮部薄壁细胞线粒体和囊泡数量开始增多,而且次生细胞壁也开始明显加厚;贮藏20 d时两类维管束韧皮部薄壁细胞线粒体和囊泡数量持续增加,而且高尔基体出现(之后消失),同时囊衣和果皮总细胞壁物质含量开始显著提高;贮藏40 d时仅侧面维管束韧皮部薄壁细胞线粒体数量持续增多,侧面维管束汁胞总细胞壁物质含量开始显著升高;贮藏60 d时两类果实维管束次生细胞壁持续加厚,囊衣、果皮和侧面维管束汁胞总细胞壁物质含量均持续显著升高,然而至贮藏期结束背面维管束汁胞总细胞壁物质含量始终无显著变化。(2)贮藏期内囊衣总细胞壁物质含量始终显著高于果皮,而果皮总细胞壁物质含量始终显著高于两类汁胞;贮藏后期侧面维管束汁胞总细胞壁物质含量显著高于背面维管束汁胞。(3)在果实贮藏过程中背面维管束汁胞可溶性固形物含量始终无显著变化,而侧面维管束汁胞可溶性固形物含量从贮藏40 d至贮藏期结束持续显著降低。研究表明,贮藏期柚果实维管束、囊衣和果皮中细胞壁物质代谢的变化早于汁胞;发现果实维管束韧皮部薄壁细胞内线粒体数量增加的同时维管束次生细胞壁明显加厚,在整个贮藏期内侧面维管束汁胞可溶性固形物含量的显著降低伴随着总细胞壁物质含量的显著升高。这些结果可能有助于柑橘类果实粒化机理的全面揭示。

    Abstract:

    Juice sac granulation is a universal physiological disorder of citrus fruits, which is characterized by increased firmness and lower fruit quality in juice sacs. In order to reveal the characteristics of physiological metabolism of other fruit segments during juice sac granulation, we stored ripe ‘Guanxi’ pummelo fruits at room temperature for 60 days in this study. The total cell wall material contents of juice sacs isolated from the dorsal vascular bundles (dorsal juice sacs), juice sacs isolated from the septal vascular bundles (septal juice sacs), segment membrane and pericarp, as well as the soluble solid contents of the two types of juice sacs were determined, while the dynamic ultrastructure of the dorsal and the septal vascular bundles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that: (1) at 10 days of storage, secondary cell wall apparently thickened in sieve tube and companion cells, while the number of mitochondria and vesicles began to increase and secondary cell wall obviously thickened in phloem parenchyma cells. At 20 days of storage, the number of mitochondria and vesicles continuously increased and golgi apparatus appeared (disappeared at the following stages) in the two types of vascular bundles. In the meantime, total cell wall material contents began to significantly increase in segment membrane and pericarp. At 40 days of storage, the number of mitochondria continuously increased only in the septal vascular bundles, and the total cell wall substance levels began to statistically increase in the septal juice sacs. At 60 days of storage, secondary cell wall continuously thickened in the two types of vascular bundles, and the total cell wall component contents continuously increased in segment membrane, pericarp and septal juice sacs, but did not show distinct changes in the dorsal juice sacs during storage. (2) In the whole storage period, the total cell wall material contents of segment membrane were significantly higher than that of pericarp, while the total cell wall component contents of pericarp were distinctly higher when compared with the two types of juice sacs. At the late stages of storage, the total cell wall material contents of septal juice sacs were significantly higher compared to dorsal juice sacs. (3) Soluble solid contents remained constant in the dorsal juice sacs during storage, but significantly decreased in the septal juice sacs from 40 to 60 days of storage. The results in this study suggest that changes in cell wall component metabolism of fruit vascular bundles, segment membrane, and pericarp are earlier than that of juice sacs during storage. The increases in mitochondrial number in phloem parenchyma cells are accompanied with obvious secondary cell wall thickening in fruit vascular bundles, and the significant decreases in soluble solid contents are paralleled by distinct increases in total cell wall material contents in septal juice sacs during storage. The results in this study may facilitate to reveal the comprehensive mechanism of citrus fruit granulation.

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卢艳清,林燕金,卢新坤.贮藏期柚粒化过程中果实总细胞壁物质积累和维管束超微结构的变化[J].西北植物学报,2021,41(12):2058-2071

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  • 在线发布日期: 2021-12-31
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