| 蚯蚓堆肥与生物炭对瓜草复合系统土壤及植株的影响研究 |
| 投稿时间：2022-08-15 修订日期：2023-06-07 点此下载全文 |
| 引用本文：王帅,徐广亚,杨海波,等.蚯蚓堆肥与生物炭对瓜草复合系统土壤及植株的影响研究[J].西北植物学报,2023,43(8):1332~1343 |
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| 基金项目:宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目，设施蔬菜健康复合生境系统研究与示范(2021BBF02025) |
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| 中文摘要:为探究蚯蚓堆肥与生物炭对西瓜-白三叶草生境系统的作用机制，采用温室栽培试验，设置空白对照（西瓜植株）、生物炭、覆盖三叶草、蚯蚓堆肥、覆盖三叶草+蚯蚓堆肥、生物炭+蚯蚓堆肥、覆盖三叶草+生物炭和覆盖三叶草+生物炭+蚯蚓堆肥8个处理，比较分析蚯蚓堆肥与生物炭对西瓜-白三叶草复合系统的土壤养分、微生物群落结构与主栽作物西瓜代谢组学特征。结果表明：(1)复合处理下，土壤容重降低，肥力提高，西瓜植株对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收能力增强，覆盖三叶草+生物炭+蚯蚓堆肥处理（WBV）处理综合表现最优；(2)WBV处理中微生物菌群丰富度下降，Shannon指数、Chao 1指数排序为BV＞WB＞CK＞WV＞WBV处理，与对照相比，WBV处理土壤中微生物菌群放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）细菌以及被孢霉门（Mortierellomycota）真菌的相对丰度明显提升，而绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门和芽单胞菌门的相对丰度下降；(3)WBV处理西瓜果肉中检测到亚麻酸（alpha-linolenic acid）、裂解型磷脂酰胆碱(17:0)（LysoPC(17:0)）、磷酰肌醇酸(18:1(11Z)/0:0)（CPA(18:1(11Z)/0:0)）等脂质化合物，以及丙氨酸、天冬氨酸与谷氨酸等氨基酸。研究发现，覆盖三叶草+生物炭+蚯蚓堆肥复合系统可显著提高速效氮、速效磷，速效钾等土壤营养含量，促进西瓜对氮、磷元素的吸收，改善土壤微生物环境，改变西瓜植株脂质、有机酸及氨基酸的代谢水平，提升西瓜植株生物膜受保护能力和细胞渗透调节能力，增强其抗逆能力。 |
| 中文关键词:复合系统 蚯蚓堆肥 生物炭 土壤营养 土壤菌群 代谢组学 |
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| Effect of Vermicomposting and Biochar on Soil and Plants in Watermelon-White Clover Compounding System |
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| Abstract:To explore the mechanism of earthworm compost and biochar on the watermelon-white clover ecosystem, greenhouse experiments were conducted with eight treatments comprising a blank control (watermelon plants), biochar, white clover cover, earthworm compost, white clover cover + earthworm compost, biochar + earthworm compost, white clover cover + biochar, and white clover cover + biochar + earthworm compost. Soil nutrients, microbial community structure, and watermelon metabolomics were analyzed to determine the effects of earthworm compost and biochar on the watermelon-white clover ecosystem. The results indicated that: (1) In the combined treatment, soil bulk density decreased, soil fertility improved, and the absorption capacity of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in watermelon plants increased. The treatment of white clover cover + biochar + earthworm compost (WBV) demonstrated the best overall performance. (2) The richness of microbial communities decreased in the WBV treatment. The Shannon index and Chao 1 index were ranked as BV > WB > CK > WV > WBV treatment. Compared with the control, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes bacteria, and Mortierellomycota fungi in soil microbial communities in the WBV treatment increased significantly, while the relative abundance of Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia decreased. (3) Lipid compounds such as alpha-linolenic acid, Lyso-Phosphatidylcholine(17:0), and Phosphatidylinositol Acid(18:1(11Z)/0:0), as well as amino acids such as alanine, aspartate, and glutamate were detected in the watermelon fruit in the WBV treatment. The study found that the combination of white clover cover, biochar, and earthworm compost significantly improved soil nutrient contents of available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, promoted the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by watermelon, improved the soil microbial environment, altered watermelon plant lipid, organic acid, and amino acid metabolism, enhanced the protection of the watermelon plant biofilm, regulated cell osmosis, and increased stress resistance. |
| keywords:compounding system vermicomposting biochar soil nutrient soil microbial metabolomics |
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