| 红和绿香椿芽贮藏过程中花青素和木质素含量变化及相关基因表达分析 |
| 投稿时间：2022-09-16 修订日期：2023-03-30 点此下载全文 |
| 引用本文：赵 倩,朱顺华,蔡 霞,等.红和绿香椿芽贮藏过程中花青素和木质素含量变化及相关基因表达分析[J].西北植物学报,2023,43(8):1304~1313 |
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| 基金项目:贵州省农业科学院项目（黔农科院支撑［2021］05号、黔农科院种质资源〔2022〕10号）；贵州省现代农业产业技术体系建设-蔬菜体系项目（GZCYTX2022-0101）；贵州省科学技术厅重点项目（黔科合支撑[2022]重点 019 号）；贵阳市科技局项目（筑科合同[2021]5-1号）；贵州省科学技术厅项目“园艺植物基因库创制平台建设及利用”(黔科合服企[2022]005号) |
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| 中文摘要:花青素和木质素含量是影响香椿（Toona sinensis）芽品质的重要指标。本研究以红和绿香椿芽为材料，对其4 ℃低温黑暗贮藏过程进行外观形态和组织细胞学观察，并对其叶片和叶柄组织花青素和木质素含量及其相关合成基因表达水平进行分析，旨在为香椿芽品质调控及采后贮藏保鲜措施的制定提供理论依据。结果表明：（1）红香椿芽低温黑暗条件下贮藏3 d后色泽保持较好，而绿香椿芽贮藏1 d后开始出现黑色斑点，且黑色斑点的数量随贮藏时间的延长逐渐增加；（2）红香椿芽叶脉和叶柄木质部细胞比相应绿香椿芽木质部细胞小且细胞数量少；红、绿香椿芽贮藏过程中次生细胞壁均逐渐增厚，且绿香椿芽叶脉和叶柄细胞染色程度较深；红香椿叶脉和叶柄的木质部细胞在贮藏过程中逐渐增大，而绿香椿芽叶脉和叶柄木质部细胞先增大后变小；（3）在低温贮藏过程中，红、绿香椿芽花青素含量均降低，木质素含量均升高，红香椿芽花青素含量始终高于绿香椿芽，而其木质素含量始终低于绿香椿芽，且红香椿芽升降幅度较小；（4）在采后低温贮藏过程中，香椿芽叶片和叶柄中花青素和木质素合成基因的表达水平与花青素和木质素含量的变化趋势一致，其中香椿苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因（TsPAL）和肉桂酸-4-羟化酶基因（TsC4H）的表达水平呈现先升高后下降的趋势，且整体呈下降趋势。研究发现，红、绿香椿芽贮藏过程中均发生了木质化和蒸腾失水，花青素含量降低，木质素含量升高，但绿香椿芽的木质化程度更高，水分流失严重，花青素含量和木质素含量的升降幅度更大；香椿芽花青素和木质素含量的差异与其合成相关基因的表达水平具有相关性。综合香椿芽色泽、外观、花青素和木质素含量的表现来看，红香椿芽比绿香椿芽贮藏时间更长，更易贮藏保鲜。 |
| 中文关键词:香椿芽 低温 贮藏 细胞学观察 木质素含量 花青素含量 基因表达 |
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| Changes of the Anthocyanin and Lignin Content and Expression Analysis of Related Genes in Red and Green T. sinensis Buds During Storage |
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| Abstract:Anthocyanin and lignin content are important indicators of Toona sinensis buds quality. In this study, the appearance morphological and histocytological observations of red and green T. sinensis buds were conducted during storage at 4 ℃ in the dark, and the anthocyanin and lignin content and their related synthetic genes expression levels of in leaf and petiole tissues were analyzed, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the quality control of T. sinensis buds and the formulation of post-harvest storage and preservation measures. The results showed that: (1) the color of red T. sinensis buds was better after 3 d of storage under low temperature and dark conditions, while black spots began to appear on green T. sinensis buds after 1 d of storage, and the number of black spots gradually increased with the extension of storage time; (2) the leaf veins and petioles xylem cells of red T. sinensis buds were smaller and had fewer cells than that of the corresponding green T. sinensis buds; the secondary cell walls of both red and green T. sinensis buds gradually thickened during storage, and the green T. sinensis buds veins and petiole xylem cells stained more deeply; the xylem cells of red T. sinensis leaf veins and petioles gradually increased in size during storage, while the xylem cells of green T. sinensis bud leaf veins and petioles first increased and then became smaller in size; (3) the anthocyanin content of both red and green T. sinensis buds decreased and the lignin content increased during low temperature storage, and the anthocyanin content of red T. sinensis buds was always higher than that of green T. sinensis buds, while its lignin content was always lower than that of green T. sinensis buds, and the rise and fall of red T. sinensis buds was smaller; (4) the expression levels of anthocyanin and lignin synthesis genes in the leaves and petioles of T. sinensis buds were consistent with the trends of anthocyanin and lignin contents during postharvest low temperature storage, and the expression levels of T. sinensis buds phenylalanine aminolytic enzyme gene (TsPAL) and cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase gene (TsC4H) showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the overall trend of decreasing. It was found that both red and green T. sinensis buds underwent lignification and transpiration water loss during storage, and the anthocyanin content decreased and lignin content increased, but green T. sinensis buds had more lignification and severe water loss, and the rise and fall of anthocyanin content and lignin content was greater; the differences in anthocyanin and lignin content of T. sinensis buds were correlated with the expression levels of their synthesis genes. The combined color, appearance, anthocyanin and lignin contents of T. sinensis buds showed that red T. sinensis buds stored longer and were easier to store and preserve than green T. sinensis buds. |
| keywords:Toona sinensis buds low temperature storage cytological observation lignin content anthocyanin content gene expression |
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