In order to explore the effects of different foliar fertilizers on the photosynthetic characteristics, fruit quality, and yield of greenhouse strawberries, and to screen out suitable foliar fertilizers, the strawberry variety "Monterey" planted in the greenhouse of Moujiatai Strawberry in Xigu District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province was used as the test material. Under sufficient fertilization, classic 750 times liquid (T1), Huapu 1500 times liquid (T2), and Runliang 750 times liquid (T3) were applied topdressing at four growth stages Five types of foliar fertilizers, namely 500 fold solution of Adela fruit (T4) and 1500 fold solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (T5), were used as control (CK) with clear water. The photosynthetic parameters, fruit quality, biomass, and yield of the treated plants were measured. The results showed that: (1) After spraying different foliar fertilizers, the biomass and chlorophyll content of strawberry plants significantly increased, and the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of leaves significantly increased. The intercellular carbon dioxide concentration of strawberry plants after spraying foliar fertilizers was higher than that of CK; (2) In terms of fruit quality, T2 and T3 treatments can significantly improve the strawberry fruit shape index, while T1 and T5 treatments can significantly increase fruit volume and weight. Among them, the average single fruit weight of T1 increased by 5.89 g compared to CK, while the transverse and longitudinal diameters of T5 fruits increased by 1.22 cm and 1.15 cm, respectively. (3) The solid hardness, soluble solid content, vitamin C content, and reducing sugar content have significantly increased, and T1 application has the best effect, increasing by 3.3%, 17.25 mg/g, and 2.71% compared to CK, respectively. The soluble protein content of T1 and T3 increased by 0.097 mg/g and 0.070 mg/g, respectively, compared to CK; (4) Spraying foliar fertilizer can significantly increase the yield per unit area of strawberries, and treatment T1 has the highest yield, an increase of 13.65% compared to CK. It can be seen that the application of appropriate foliar fertilizer can effectively improve the nutritional growth status of strawberries, enhance the quality of strawberry fruits, significantly increase yield, and the comprehensive effect is best when applying classic 750 times liquid foliar fertilizer.