濒危植物梵净山冷杉的球果与种子性状研究
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国家自然科学基金(32001248,32160086);


Study on the Cones and Seeds Traits of the Endangered Plant, Abies fanjingshanensis
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    摘要:

    梵净山冷杉(Abies fanjingshanensis)为国家一级保护濒危植物。为了揭示梵净山冷杉球果发育和成熟过程的性状特征,以确定成熟球果的适宜采种期。该研究对梵净山冷杉自然生长区内成年结实母树的球果进行跟踪观测和定期采集,通过物理解剖和形态学参数测定,比较分析不同采种期梵净山冷杉的球果、种鳞和种子的性状差异。结果显示:(1)梵净山冷杉的球果每年7月中旬开始形成,10月中旬开始成熟,发育早期至发育后期球果的长度和宽度显著增加,发育后期至成熟期形态和颜色均无明显变化。(2)成熟球果平均长、宽、鲜重、干重和相对含水量分别为7.18 cm、3.84 cm、36.98 g、20.33 g和45.06%。(3)成熟球果的平均种鳞层数为30.76层,种鳞总数为250.67 片,平均出种量436.67 粒,平均种子饱满率82.49%。(4)成熟球果基部、中部、上部的种子性状不同,且球果中部的种子性状参数最大,饱满率最高,种子平均长、宽、厚分别为9.14 、2.30、2.37 mm,千粒重11.44 g。研究表明,梵净山冷杉的球果从形成至成熟过程约3 个月,成熟球果的最佳采种时间为10月下旬,发育后期和成熟球果的形态和颜色差异不明显,不能以颜色和形态作为球果成熟的判定依据;种鳞与球果的发育和成熟同步,球果中部的种鳞能够完全发育,且形状参数最大,孕育的种子最饱满;梵净山冷杉成熟球果出种量大、饱满率高,但是种子小、重量轻。

    Abstract:

    Abies fanjingshanensis is a critically endangered plant. In order to reveal the traits of the cone development and maturation process of A. fanjingshanensis, so as to confirm the appropriate harvesting time of mature cones, we regularly observed and collected the cones on mature fruiting trees of A. fanjingshanensis in their natural growth area, then comparatively analyzed the traits of cones, seed scales and seeds at different collecting stages by physical anatomy and morphological parameters determination. The results showed that: (1) the cones of A. fanjingshanensis begun to form in the middle of July and mature in the middle of October every year. The length and width of cone increased significantly from early development to late development, but their morphology and color did not change notably from late development to maturity. (2) The average length, width, fresh weight, dry weight and water content of the mature cone was 7.18 cm, 3.84 cm, 36.98 g, 20.33 g, 45.06%, respectively. (3) The average seed scale layer, total seed scales, seed quantity, and full seed rate per mature cone was 30.76, 250.67, 436.67 g, 82.49%, respectively. (4) The traits of the seeds in the basal, middle and top part of the mature cones were different, the parameters of the seeds in the middle part of the mature cones were the largest and which with the highest full seed rate. The average length, width and thickness of the seeds in the middle part of the mature cones was 9.14, 2.30, 2.37 mm, and the 1000seeds weight was 11.44 g. All the results indicated that the cone ripening process of A. fanjingshanensis took about 3 months from formation to maturity, and the best collection time of mature cone would be in later October. There was no obvious difference in cone shape and color between mature and late development of the cone, so color and shape should not be used as the indicator of cone ripening. Seed scales develop and mature synchronously with their cones, the seed scales in the middle of cone could be fully developed, of which had the largest shape parameters and highest plump seeds. The mature cones of A. fanjingshanensis had large seed quantity and high plump rate, but their seeds were small and light in weight.

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谭廷鸿,王 卓,吴礼佳,等.濒危植物梵净山冷杉的球果与种子性状研究[J].西北植物学报,2022,42(10):1671-1681

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  • 在线发布日期: 2022-11-10
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