Tamarix ramosissima and Alhagi sparsifolia are dominant species in the lower reaches of the Tarim River and important symbiotic plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Both species often grow together and are severely limited by water availability. in this study, a pot experiment was conducted using seedlings of Alhagi sparsifolia and Tamarix ramosissima. Three water gradient levels were set: normal moisture (70% ± 5% soil relative moisture content, D0), moderate moisture stress (40% ± 5% soil relative moisture content, D1), and severe moisture stress (20% ± 5% soil relative moisture content, D2). sets two groups of inoculation treatments for inoculation (AMF+) and no inoculation (AMF-), and setting hyphal transmission distance (long hyphal transmission distance 30cm, L) and (short hyphal transmission distance 15cm, S) between the donor plant Alhagi sparsifolia and the receiver plant Tamarix ramosissima. The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi hyphal transmission distance on the growth and physiology of these two different life forms under drought stress were investigated.The results showed that: 1) After inoculation with AMF, arbuscular mycorrhizal networks（AMNs）was formed between the donor and receiver plants, and the decrease in infection rate of the long hyphal transmission distance receiver under severe moisture stress (D2) compared to normal moisture conditions (D0) was 73.22%. 2) Under moderate moisture stress, AMF had a promoting effect on both long hyphal transmission distance and short hyphal transmission distance receiver, but had no promoting effect on plant height, basal diameter relative growth rate, and biomass of long-distance receiver under severe moisture stress. 3) Under all moisture treatments, AMF significantly promoted the root growth indicators of the receiver plants (P<0.05), with the S treatment being superior to the L treatment, but the receiver plants showed significantly lower levels under severe moisture stress and long hyphal transmission distance treatment. 4) Under moderate moisture stress, AMF had a promoting effect on the antioxidant enzyme activity, osmoregulation substance content, chlorophyll content, and leaf relative water content of both long and short hyphal transmission distance receiver, with no significant difference between the different hyphal transmission distance treatments. However, under severe moisture stress, AMF had no promoting effect on the growth of long hyphal transmission distance receiver. Therefore, under normal and moderate moisture conditions, inoculating with AMF significantly promoted the apparent growth, biomass accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity, osmoregulation substance content, and chlorophyll content of long hyphal transmission distance receiver, enhancing the drought resistance of the receiver plants. However, under severe moisture stress, the promoting effect of AMF on long hyphal transmission distance receivers was not significant.