Abstract:The study with" Paeonia rockii "Xiangyabai" single and double pollen as materials, physiological and biochemical characteristics, discussed the relationship between the pollen activity and the activities of protein, MDA and three protective enzymes(POD, SOD, CAT) at different temperatures, determined the best storage mode of single and double pollen. The results show that:(1)The average polar axis length, the average equatorial axis length, and the polar axis length/equatorial axis length of the pollen of the double petal flowers of Paeonia rockii are smaller than those of the single petal flowers. (2)Room temperature is suitable for short-term storage of single-petal and double-flowered pollen for 1~120 days, 4°C and -20°C are suitable for long-term storage of pollen, and -80°C is suitable for long-term storage of pollen. Small, shriveled and deformed pollen grains are the main reasons for the low germination rate. (3)Low temperature can effectively prolong the storage life of pollen grains, and the formation of stress resistant proteins can effectively delay the decline of pollen germination rate. However, during storage, the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation of pollen cells increases, and the aggravation of cell damage will quickly lead to the decline of pollen germination rate. (4)The effect of low temperature stress on single-flowered pollen was lower than that of double-flowered pollen. Under the same storage conditions, the pollen cells of the double-flowered pollen were more damaged and the germination rate decreased faster.