萝卜对铀及其伴生金属镉的富集特征和光合生理响应
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1.四川职业技术学院;2.四川师范大学

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四川省教育厅科研项目(16ZB0394),遂宁市专项科研项目(16HMZX04),四川师范大学实验技术项目(SYJS2020032),2021国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202110636015)四川省教育厅科研项目(16ZB0394)


The Enrichment Characteristics and Photosynthesis Physiological Responses of Raphanus sativus to Uranium and Its Associated Metal Cadmium
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    摘要:

    本研究以萝卜(Raphanus?sativus)幼苗为试材,在溶液培养条件下测定了铀(U,50 μmol·L-1)、镉(Cd,10 μmol·L-1)单一及复合处理后萝卜幼苗对U、Cd的富集特征及其生物量、光合气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光特性等,探究U单一存在及与Cd伴生时的生物学效应。结果显示:U、Cd主要分布在萝卜根部,萝卜幼苗生长和根系活力受到显著抑制。在单一U处理下,萝卜叶片叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量显著减少,净光合速率(Pn)比CK显著降低43.9%,光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的光化学淬灭系数(qP)和电子传递速率(ETR)显著降低,而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)和非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)显著升高;单一Cd处理也使萝卜叶片Pn显著降低,但对光合色素含量和叶绿素荧光参数均无显著影响;在U+Cd复合处理时,萝卜中的U含量比单一处理显著升高,Cd含量比单一处理显著降低,幼苗生物量、叶绿素含量、光合气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数受到的影响明显大于单一处理。研究发现,U处理显著抑制萝卜幼苗叶片的光能利用效率和电子传递速率,从而显著抑制了幼苗的正常生长,Cd伴生加强了萝卜对U的吸收效率,但也加剧了萝卜生长和光合作用受到的毒害。

    Abstract:

    In the present study, radish (Raphanus sativus) was selected as the experimental plant, and the seedlings were treated with single and mixed solution of uranium (U, 50 μmol·L-1) and cadmium (Cd,10 μmol·L-1), respectively. The accumulation characteristics of U and Cd in radish seedlings, as well as the biomass, photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of radish were measured to explore the biological effects of the single existence of U and its combination with Cd. The results showed that U and Cd were mainly distributed in the root of radish, which significantly inhibited the growth and root activity of radish seedlings. After single U treatment, the contents of chlorophyll a and carotenoids in radish leaves decreased, and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) decreased by 43.9% compared with the control. Furthermore, the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) and electron transfer rate (ETR) of the photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) decreased significantly, while the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), dark respiration rate (Rd) and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) increased significantly. Single Cd treatment also significantly reduced the Pn of radish leaves, but had no significant effect on the photosynthetic pigment contents and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. After being treated with the mixed solution of U and Cd, the content of U in radish was significantly higher than that of single treatment, while the content of Cd showed an opposite trend. Moreover, the biomass, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of seedlings were decreased more than those of single treatment. In conclusion, it was found that after U treatment, the light utilization efficiency and electron transfer rate were significantly inhibited, which resulted in the inhibition of seedling growth. The incorporation of Cd enhanced the U absorption efficiency of radish, but also intensified the toxicity of its growth and photosynthesis.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-09-06
  • 最后修改日期:2022-01-09
  • 录用日期:2021-12-30
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