SRAP molecular markers were used to study the genetic diversity on population and individual levels of 79 Cibotium barometz which were from 7 populations.The results showed that:10 SRAP primer combination amplified 107 bands with 91 (85.98%) polymorphic.Nei’s gene diversity index of SRAP was 0.229 6.Shannon’s information index was 0.358 6.That implied that there was high genetic diversity among the popolations.The total genetic diversity was 0.229 6.The genetic diversity within population and the coefficient of gene differentiation were 0.135 4 and 0.410 6,respectively.That implied that it was 41.06% of genetic diversity among populations，and was 58.94% of genetic diversity within populations.Gene flow among population was 0.717 8 which implied that the gene flow was at a low level.The genetic similarity coefficient and the UPGMA dendrogram indicated that populations with similar conditions were clustered firstly,the geographical distribution was not distinctive.