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    Volume 45,2025 Issue 1
    Publication date ：
    Research Articles
    Functional Study of the regulation of
    HAO Lanlan, WANG Hong, ZHANG Fan, ZHANG Xuebing, YANG Yang
    2025,45(1):1-10   DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240400
    [Abstract] (8) [HTML] (0) [PDF 4.65 M] (8)
    Abstract:
    【Objective】 Exploring the characteristics and functions of Serine Acetyltransferase 4 (SAT4), a member of the peach serine acetyltransferase family, in adventitious root formation, and providing potential target genes for future breeding techniques to improve the problem of difficult rooting in peaches. 【Methods】 Using the transcriptome of adventitious roots, the PpSAT4 gene was screened and genetically transformed into Prunus domestica and Arabidopsis thaliana to further explore the function of PpSAT4 in adventitious root formation. 【Results】(1) The peach PpSAT4 gene with a sequence of 864 bp was successfully cloned, encoding a protein with a molecular weight of 30.49 kD, and an isoelectric point of 6.70. Systematic evolutionary analysis showed that peach PpSAT4 had the closest genetic relationship with European sweet cherries and almonds. The results of cis-acting elements showed the presence of response elements such as light, auxin, and gibberellin in the PpSAT4 sequence. (2) The overexpression vector PpSAT4-CAM-FLAG was successfully constructed, genetically transformed P. domestica and A. thaliana, and obtained corresponding transgenic lines. (3) qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of the transgenic PpSAT4 gene strain was significantly higher than that of the wild-type; Overexpression of PpSAT4 can increase various indices and POD and SOD enzyme activities in plum root system. In addition, overexpression of this gene was found to significantly increase root length and enzyme activity in A. thalianaa, suggesting that it may have functions similar to P. domestica in A. thalianaa. 【Conclusion】PpSAT4 plays a crucial role in facilitating the formation of adventitious roots.
    Promotion of vegetative bud activity and delaying of flowering time through NtCET4 over-expression in tobacco
    LONG Junlan, LUO Rui, LUO Xu, ZHANG Lan
    2025,45(1):11-18   DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240426
    [Abstract] (3) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.20 M] (5)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] Transgenic individuals over-expressed NtCET4 were constructed in tobacco to analyze the role of NtCET4 in flowering time control, and to ascertain the strategy for increasing of valid leaves based on operation of NtCET4. [Methods] Over-expression vector of NtCET4 was constructed firstly. Then, transgenic individuals were obtained through the Agrobacterium-mediated leaf disc transformation. Transgenic plants were identified by PCR and GUS staining. Over-expressed lines were selected from transgenic lines based on qRT-PCR of NtCET4 during seedling stage. Over-expressed plants were transplanted into fields to observe variations of flowering time and number of valid leaves. Before and after flowering, qRT-PCR was used to identify relative expressions of NtCET4. [Results] During the seedling stage, four transgenic lines showed rising of expression of NtCET4 significantly. These four transgenic lines with NtCET4 over-expression showed delaying flowering remarkably (about 14 days). Longer period of vegetative bud activity resulted in more valid leaves in transgenic individuals. Expressions of NtCET4 in each of transgenic individual increased from seedling to mature, and higher expressions before flowering were detected than after flowering correspondingly. [Conclusion] Over-expressed of NtCET4 could lengthen the vegetative bud activity, result in delaying of flowering, and increase the number of valid leaves in tobacco.
    Expression and transport activity characterization of sugar transporter HpSWEET7 gene from red pitaya
    ZHENG Qianming, YAN Shuang, XIE Pu, WANG Honglin, MA Yuhua
    2025,45(1):19-27   DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240450
    [Abstract] (3) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.43 M] (5)
    Abstract:
    【Objective】The Red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) HpSWEET7 gene, which that belongs to the sugar transporter SWEET (sugars will eventually be exported transporter) family, is was cloned, and its role in fruit sugar accumulation was investigatedis discussed, which provides a target gene for improving the fruit flavor and quality. 【Methods】 HpSWEET7 gene was isolated from ‘Zihonglong’, the sequence alignment and phylogenetic relationship were analyzed, the gene expression was measured analyzed by qRT-PCR, the subcellular localization was detected by fusing fluorescent protein, and the sugar transport activity was investigated by the yeast growth complementation and acidification assay. 【Results】The ORF (Open Reading Frame) of HpSWEET7 was 771 bp in length and encoded 256 amino acid residues. HpSWEET7 contained two MtN3_/saliva (Pfam No. PF03083) and seven transmembrane domains. HpSWEET7 was closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana AtSWEET6 and AtSWEET7, and belonged to the SWEET II class. The expression of HpSWEET7 in stem was significantly lower than that in fruit at 6 developmental stages; the expression level was the highest in fruit at 20 d after pollination, gradually decreased with fruit development and was the lowest in ripe fruit (30 d after pollination). The expression of HpSWEET7 was very weak in stems, and showed an increasing patterned in fruits from 10 d after pollination to 20 d, and reached the maximum value at 20 d after pollination; subsequently, it the expression decreased and was weak at fruit ripening stage (30 d after pollination). Subcellular localization assay showed that HpSWEET7 was located into the cell membrane. HpSWEET7 had showed the transport activities for glucose, fructose, mannose, sorbitol and galactose. The acidification test further proved that HpSWEET7 transported glucose and fructose. 【Conclusion】HpSWEET7 transports hexoses across the cell membrane, and participates in sugar accumulation during red pitaya fruit development.
    Cloning, Expression Pattern Analysis and Vector Construction of the BvNAC40 Gene in Sugar Beet
    FAN Ziqi, SUN Yaqing, LI Ningning, ZHANG Shaoying, LI Guolong
    2025,45(1):28-36   DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240445
    [Abstract] (5) [HTML] (0) [PDF 7.00 M] (6)
    Abstract:
    【Objective】 NAC transcription factors played a significant role in plant resistance to abiotic stress. In this study, the NAC transcription factor gene BvNAC40 was cloned from the drought-resistant sugar beet variety "HI0466", and its protein structure and expression pattern under drought stress were analyzed. This research provide a theoretical basis for eluidating its function in the drought resistance in sugar beet. 【Methods】 The BvNAC40 gene was cloned using PCR technology, and its protein structure was analyzed through bioinformatics methods. Subcellular localization was studied using green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein technology. The expression levels of the BvNAC40 gene under drought stress were measured at different time points and in different tissues using qRT-PCR. Overexpression vectors and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) vectors for the BvNAC40 gene were constructed using homologous recombination technology. 【Results】 The CDS region of the BvNAC40 gene was 1 182 bp long, encoding 393 amino acids, and was classified within the NAC transcription factor family, with a transmembrane domain at the C-terminus. Subcellular localization showed that it was primarily located in the nucleus. Under drought stress, the expression of the BvNAC40 gene was significantly upregulated in both the leaves and roots of sugar beet. 【Conclusion】 The BvNAC40 gene is specifically expressed during the drought response in sugar beet. This study provides a theoretical basis for further functional analysis of the BvNAC40 gene and the breeding of drought-resistant sugar beet varieties.
    Identification of phytophthora blight resistance of different pepper inbred lines and correlation analysis of plant functional traits
    YANG Kaiwei, ZHOU Yingying, DU Jiao, JIANG Pan, LUO Gongwen, OU Lijun
    2025,45(1):37-44   DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240393
    [Abstract] (4) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.51 M] (7)
    Abstract:
    The irrigation method was employed to conduct a potted experiment on 45 different inbred lines of pepper, during which various agronomic traits as well as physiological and biochemical parameters of the plants were assessed.The results revealed significant variations in disease resistance among different inbred lines, with the incidence of 8 inbred lines (RT19-248, RC17-555, YJ-24, NJ-07, 702, 298a , CF19 and CF20) being less than 20%. Conversely, seven inbred lines (Wang H242-1, XJ-19, NJ-08, CB3, CC4, CC7 and CF9) exhibited an incidence rate exceeding 80%. The plant height, aboveground fresh weight, and nitrogen content exhibited significant differences after 20 days of inoculation compared to the control group. Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between disease incidence and both plant height and fresh weight, while a positive correlation was observed with nitrogen content. The results demonstrated
    Effects of abscisic acid (ABA) on the growth，stomatal traits，and photosynthesis of Iris lactea seedlings under NaCl stress
    TIAN Xiaoxia, MAO Peichun, ZHENG Mingli, YU Ting, MENG Ling
    2025,45(1):45-53   DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240504
    [Abstract] (4) [HTML] (0) [PDF 595.33 K] (7)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] The effects of abscisic acid on the growth, stomatal traits, and photosynthesis of Iris lactea seedlings under severe saline stress were study, so as to explore the appropriate concentration of ABA for enhancing the salt tolerance of Iris lactea seedlings under severe saline soil, and to provide a basis for the cultivation of Iris lactea in the severe saline soil. [Methods] Using Salt-tolerant germplasm ML004 and salt-sensitive germplasm ML035 seedlings of Iris lacteal, 150mmol ? L-1 NaCl solution was used to simulate the severe salt stress environment, and the effects of abscisic acid (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 μmol ? L-1) on the growth, stomatal traits, and photosynthesis of Iris lactea seedlings under NaCl stress were studied with no NaCl and ABA treatment as controls. [Results] Under 150mmol?L-1NaCl stress, the leaves of two Iris lactea germplasm seedlings showed salt damage symptoms of different degrees, and the salt damage symptoms of ML35 leaves were more serious than those of ML04. Spraying ABA solution increased the salt tolerance of two germplasm materials, and the effect of ABA solution on the salt tolerance of ML04 was better than ML35. Application of ABA solution could significantly increase the plant height and biomass of Iris lacteal, and the salt tolerance of Iris lactea seedlings can be improved by adjusting the stomatal morphology and spatial distribution pattern to optimize the gas exchange process, reducing the decrease of chlorophyll content and enhancing its photosynthesis. [Conclusion] The salt damage response of ML35 was more serious than that of ML04 under150mmol ? L-1NaCl salt stress. Spraying appropriate concentration of ABA could alleviate the effect of salt stress on the growth of Iris lactea seedlings. In this experiment, 2.5 μmol ? L-1 ABA solution spraying has the best effect, which is an effective method to improve the salt tolerance of Iris lacteal.
    Exogenous nitric oxide regulation of growth and quality in Leonurus japonicus under drought stress
    LU Xing, YAO Wenrong, GENG Zhuoqing, SHANG Shuqi, ZHANG Yihua
    2025,45(1):54-63   DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240449
    [Abstract] (5) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.57 M] (8)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] This study aims to explore the regulation of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on the growth and quality of Leonurus japonicus under drought stress, in order to provide theoretical basis for drought tolerance cultivation and quality improvement in L. japonicus. [Methods] The 100 μmol/L sodium nitroprusside (SNP; a NO donor) was used as pretreatment, and 10%, 20%, and 30% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000 was used to simulate different degrees of drought stress. The effect of exogenous NO on seed germination, seedling growth, and the content of medicinal components in L. japonicus seedlings under drought stress was analyzed. [Results] (1) The seed germination under 10% and 20% PEG treatment was significantly improved by the regulation of amylase activity through exogenous NO. (2) Exogenous NO could markedly mitigate the inhibition of the growth of L. japonicus seedlings under drought stress. Above observation was likely attributable to the reduction in malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels, thereby decreasing oxidative damage. (3) The analysis for medicinal components showed that, exogenous NO significantly enhanced leonurine hydrochloride content, stachydrine hydrochloride content, and flavonoid biosynthesis in L. japonicus seedlings under drought stress. [Conclusion] Exogenous application of NO could alleviate the seed germination and seedling growth of L. japonicus under mild and moderate drought stress, and promote the accumulation of medicinal components under stress.
    Effects of foliar spraying of ABA on leaf ultrastructure and photosynthesis during cotton bolling stage
    CHENG Guo, ZHAO Xiushuai, YIN Zi, WANG Xingpeng, HE Shuai
    2025,45(1):64-73   DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240483
    [Abstract] (3) [HTML] (0) [PDF 3.90 M] (5)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] To explore the mechanism of the effects of abscisic acid (ABA) on the photosynthetic effect and ultrastructure of cotton leaves at flowering and bolling stage, and to provide theoretical basis for the regulation of ineffective water loss of cotton in southern Xinjiang by ABA. [Methods] The plant of Tahe No. 2 was treated with ABA at low concentration (50 μmol/L), high concentration (100 μmol/L) and water (control). Photosynthetic pigment content, photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, stomatal characteristics and ultrastructure of the leaves were determined. [Results] Compared with the control group, after 1 day of spraying ABA, the stomatal density, shape index and chloroplast area of cotton leaves were increased, while the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate were decreased, and the effect of high concentration of ABA treatment was more obvious. After spraying ABA for 4 days, the stomatal density of cotton leaves in high concentration treatment decreased and the shape index increased, while that in low concentration treatment increased. [Conclusion] After spraying ABA, the stomatal closure of cotton leaves was affected by adjusting stomatal density and morphological index, resulting in the decrease of chlorophyll content, but the chloroplast structure was automatically adjusted to offset this adverse effect, and high concentration treatment had a better effect on reducing the ineffective water loss of cotton.
    Effects of Exogenous sugar on color phenotype and anthocyanin synthesis in buddle of Zantedeschia hybrida
    LV Chengcong, ZHANG Le, ZHAO Meng, ZHANG Zijun, HUANG Shasha, JIN Xuehua
    2025,45(1):74-81   DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240493
    [Abstract] (6) [HTML] (0) [PDF 817.14 K] (8)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] This study aims to reveal the molecular mechanism of exogenous sugar regulating the synthesis and coloration of anthocyanins in the spathe of Zantedeschia hybrida, which can provide theoretical basis for the development of postharvest preservation technology of cut flowers. [Methods] The cut flowers of pink Z. hybrida were used as materials to study the effects of glucose, mannose, mannitol and GHG (mixed solution of glucosamine hydrochloride and glucose) on the color phenotype, anthocyanin content and the expression of genes related to their synthesis at the concentrations of 333, 499 and 666 mmol/L. [Results] (1) The treatments of glucose, mannose and mannitol reduced the brightness of the spathe of Z. hybrida, increased the redness and chroma, and promoted the accumulation of anthocyanins. GHG treatment significantly reduced the redness and chroma of spathe, and decreased the accumulation of anthocyanins. (2) At the concentration of 499 mmol/L,mannitol significantly promoted the expression of anthocyanin synthesis related genes ZhMYB, ZhCHS, ZhCHI, ZhF3H, ZhF3"H, ZhDFR and ZhANS, and glucose significantly promoted the expression of six genes except ZhANS. The expression levels of ZhMYB, ZhCHS and ZhCHI in GHG treatment were lower than those in glucose treatment alone. [Conclusion] Appropriate amount of exogenous glucose, mannose and mannitol can effectively promote the accumulation of anthocyanins in the spathe of Z. hybrida and improve its color appearance. Especially at the concentration of 499 mmol/L, glucose and mannitol significantly promote the expression of anthocyanin synthesis-related genes, in which glucose affects the synthesis of anthocyanins in spathe by regulating the expression of ZhMYB, ZhCHS and ZhCHI through HXK pathway.
    Identification of processing suitability for multiple tea types and aroma characteristics of ‘Yiluxiang’ and ‘Yelaixiang’ tea varieties
    YOU Xiaomei, LI Xinlei, CHEN Zhihui, KONG Xiangrui, SHAN Ruiyang, CHEN Changsong
    2025,45(1):82-93   DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240280
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.08 M] (5)
    Abstract:
    【Objective】The study aims to clarify the quality and aroma characteristics of multiple tea types processing suitable and high aroma tea varieties ‘Yiluxiang’ (YILX) and ‘Yelaixiang’ (YELX) and accelerate the application of these tea varieties. 【Methods】 Green tea, oolong tea, black tea, and white tea were prepared by useing YILX and YELX as raw materials and ‘Huangdan’ as a control. The sensory quality evaluation and aroma components of tea samples made from different tea varieties were investigated. 【Results】 The quality of green tea, oolong tea, black tea, and white tea produced from YILX and YELX showed varying degrees of improvement compared to ‘Huangdan’. The green tea made from YILX was of the highest quality, characterized by a floral fragrance, and containing the highest level of various floral and fruity aroma components such as β-ocimene, (Z)-3-hexenyl hexanoate and so on. Oolong tea made from YELX had the best quality with distinct floral fragrance, with the highest content of various floral and fruity aroma components such as β-ocimene, phenylethanol, (Z)-3-hexenyl hexanoate and so on. The sensory scores of YILX and YELX and black teas were comparable, as both exhibi floral aromas. While YELX aroma quality was mainly composed of flower, fruit, and milk aroma components such as geraniol and so on. YILX, on the other hand, was mainly composed of fragrant and long-lasting components such as methyl salicylate and so on. White tea made from YELX was of the highest quality, with a milk powder fragrance, and the highest content of aroma components such as geraniol, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol and so on. In summary, both YILX and YELX were suitable for making green tea, oolong tea, black tea, and white tea. 【Conclusion】YILX is better suited for making green tea and black tea, while YELX is more suitable for making oolong tea, black tea, and white tea.
    Study on needles anatomical structure and drought resistance of 15 species of spruce
    ZAHO Li, BAO Xiulan, WANG Fude, FU Sheng, LIU Lijie, HUO Kaiyu
    2025,45(1):94-102   DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240490
    [Abstract] (3) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.61 M] (5)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] We aimed to explore the relationship between the anatomical structure of different spruce needles and their drought resistance, provided reference for the conservation research of spruce and the screening of excellent germplasm resources. [Methods] With 15 species of spruce introduced and cultivated for more than 20 years in Hohhot arboretum as experimental materials, the anatomical structure of needles was observed by freehand section technique and the related indexes were analyzed. [Results] (1) The needles of 15 species of spruce were composed of cuticle, epidermis, hypodermis, mesophyll tissue, endodermis, stele tissue and so on. The mesophyll had no differentiation of palisade tissue and spongy tissue. (2) There were significant differences in different indexes of the anatomical structure of the needles of 15 species of spruce. Among them, the coefficient of variation of the Stele area was the largest (22.83%), and the coefficient of variation of the cuticle thickness was the smallest (9.69%). (3) The contribution of each index of the anatomical structure of spruce needles to its stress resistance was : cortical thickness > area of stele tissue > thickness of stele > cross-sectional area of needles > thickness of cuticle > length of endodermis cells > thickness of epidermis > number of pores in cross-section of needles > thickness of endodermis. (4) The 15 species of spruce were divided into 4 categories by cluster analysis, which reflected the differences in the development degree of protective tissue, nutritional tissue and conducting tissue of the tested plants. [Conclusion] The anatomical structure of 15 species of spruce needles had various forms of adaptation to the environment. By constructing developed cuticle, epidermal cells, mesophyll cells and stele tissues, the water storage and water use efficiency were improved, so that they could survive normally in arid environment.
    Flowering Characteristics and Breeding System of Deutzia parviflora
    WANG Qi, LI Jinyu, WANG Xinyi, WANG Yixuan, GUO Wei, YUAN Tao
    2025,45(1):103-114   DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240355
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (0) [PDF 4.06 M] (6)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] The study aims to clarify the flowering and breeding characteristics of the native plant Deutzia parviflora, in order to promote the resistance breeding and resource utilization of Deutzia and enrich the species of flowering shrubs in the northern region. [Methods] The morphological characteristics of flower organs, flowering phenology, pollen viability, stigma acceptability and breeding system of D. parviflora were observed and analyzed. [Results]（1） In Beijing, D. parviflora began to bloom in late April and ended in mid-May. Its flowering type is concentrated flowering, with a group flowering period of 22-23 d and a single flowering period of 8 d (which can be divided into 8 stages). （2）The stigma acceptability at the T5-petal flattening stage was the strongest, and the pollen viability at the T6-stamens expansion stage was the highest. （3）The optimal medium for pollen viability determination was sucrose 100.0 g/L + H3BO3 0.3 g/L + CaCl2 0.2 g/L. （4） Pollen can be dried stored in the short term (within 10 d), ?20 °C and ?80 °C in the medium term (10-30 d), and ?80 °C for a long time (more than 30 d). [Conclusion] There is no apomixis in D. parviflora and the breeding system is a mixed mating system dominated by outbreeding which requires pollinators. The pollen vigor and stigma acceptability of D. parviflora were strong, and it could be used as the male or female parent of the cross breeding of Deutzia. The reason for its self-incompatibility is not the disparity in maturation time and location of the pistil and stamen.
    Carbon Sequestration Effects of Typical Restored Vegetation Types in the Eastern Qinling Mountains
    XU Xiaoming, YAN Shanshan, PENG Xiaobang
    2025,45(1):115-124   DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240401
    [Abstract] (28) [HTML] (0) [PDF 751.29 K] (5)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] In order to provide a scientific basis for coping with climate change and the implementation of major national ecological projects, the carbon sequestration characteristics of typical restored vegetation types in the ecologically sensitive areas of the Qinling Mountains were explored. [Methods] Seven typical vegetation types (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr., Quercus variabilis Blume, Pinus tabulaeformis-Quercus variabilis mixed forests, Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco, Robinia pseudoacacia L., grassland and farmland) were selected in the eastern Qinling Mountains. The carbon sequestration effects and carbon density composition characteristics were analyzed through the vegetation community survey and calculation of organic carbon in the above-ground vegetation, ground litter and soil profile in the different types of ecosystems [Results] (1)The carbon sequestration 收稿日期：2024-07-12 基金项目：陕西省教育厅自然科学专项(23JK0421)；商洛学院校级重点培育项目(23KYPY06)；商洛学院科研基金项目(23SKY009)；商洛市碳中和工程技术研究中心专项(011/SLPT2203)；南水北调中线水源地生态环境技术研究创新团队(SK2017-44)；大学生创新创业训练计划项目（S202311396069） 作者简介：许小明（1990—），男，博士，讲师，主要从事植被恢复的水土保持效益评价研究。E-mail：1559668557@qq.com *通信作者：彭晓邦（1980—），男，博士，教授，硕士生导师，主要从事生态学和生态系统调控领域研究。E-mail：xbpeng1898@163.com function of typical restored forestland and grassland in the eastern Qinling Mountains was remarkable, showing Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco (16325.2 g/m2) > Quercus variabilis Blume (16073.0 g/m2) > Pinus tabulaeformis-Quercus variabilis mixed forests (11729.5 g/m2) > Robinia pseudoacacia L. (9023.9 g/m2) > Pinus tabulaeformis Carr (8610.1 g/m2) > grassland (7177.9 g/m2) > farmland (5496.2 g/m2). Forest ecosystem has the best carbon sequestration effect, followed by grassland ecosystem and farmland ecosystem. The composition ratio of ecosystem carbon density was characterised by soil layer > vegetation layer > litter layer. (2)The carbon sequestration capacity generally showed an increasing trend with the increase of restoration years. The carbon density of forest ecosystems was higher in the middle-aged forest stage and near-mature forest stage, the carbon storage began to stabilize and slowly decline in the over-mature forest stage. (3)The carbon density of different restored vegetation types in the Qinling Mountains has obvious differences between shade slope and sunny slope, and the carbon density of forest ecosystems has more obvious differences between slope direction. [Conclusion] The results showed that the carbon sequestration of vegetation shows phased characteristics with the change of forest age, but how to effectively manage high-carbon sink tree species according to local conditions and achieve the national carbon neutrality goal in 2060 still needs further research.
    Analysis and evaluation of germplasm differences of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge from different origins in Liaoning and Shandong provinces
    LI Shengxin, ZHANG Ziyan, QI Hongtao, GUAN Wenbin, LI Shouke, SUN Jie
    2025,45(1):125-136   DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240386
    [Abstract] (3) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.22 M] (5)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] In order to understand the quality differences of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge germplasm resources in different regions, establish suitable evaluation methods for its resource quality, and identify superior germplasm resources. [Methods] Using 20 different cultivars of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge germplasm resources collected from Liaoning and Shandong provinces, measurements were taken for 16 indicators including water content, protein content, oil content, and fatty acid composition. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to evaluate the quality of germplasm resources. [Results] The results showed that the coefficient of variation of germplasm resources was 6.43% ~ 49.11% and the correlation analysis revealed significant relationships among the 16 indicators. Principal component analysis successfully identified 5 principal components from these traits, explaining a cumulative variance contribution rate of 82.951%. Key indicators for evaluating Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge resources were identified as transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, hundred-grain weight, oil content, and neural acid content. The results of cluster analysis showed that the 20 Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge germplasm resources could be categorized into three groups according to the quality indexes. [Conclusion] SW-180 has higher oil content and JD-1 has higher nervonic acid content, and these two varieties can be selected for directional cultivation. Four varieties (JW-1, JGZ-1, JD-1, and JGZ-5) had higher comprehensive scores, excellent phenotypic characters and nutritional quality. This study provides valuable insights for selecting superior resources and breeding high-quality chestnut varieties, while also laying a theoretical foundation for the comprehensive utilization of different type of Xanthoceras sorbifol Bunge.
    The Diversity of Fruit and Seed Traits of Introduced Phoenix dactylifera in Yuanjiang Yunnan
    DING Bing, LI Lianfang, WANG Kangllin, WANG Wenjun, YANG Liying, WU Chengpeng
    2025,45(1):137-145   DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240340
    [Abstract] (4) [HTML] (0) [PDF 630.57 K] (8)
    Abstract:
    Abstract [Objective] In order to understand the diversity of the fruit and seed traits (FSTs) of Phoenix dactylifera, and primarily to determine superior individual plants in the introduced P. dactylifera population in Yuanjiang, Yunnan Province, with to further study and provide a basis for breeding high-quality varieties of the species, the FSTs of the 32 P. dactylifera plants introduced in Yuanjiang were analyzed. [Methods] The 11 parameters of the 32 P. dactylifera plants were measured and calculated. The methods of variance analysis, Shannon?Wiener index, correlation analysis and principal component analysis were employed to interpret the diversity, stability of the parameters involved correlation between the parameters and comprehensive scores of the FSTs. [Results] The mean transverse and longitudinal diameters (TDs and LDs), single fruit dry mass (SFDMs), and edible rates of individual fruit (ERIF) of the 32 P. dactylifera plants were 1.9-2.7, 2.9-4.2 cm, 1.9-5.6 g/fruit, and 77.8%-94.9%, respectively; wherein, the coefficient of variation (CV) for fresh seed weight (FSW) was the highest (29.9%), followed by single fruit dry mass(SFDM; 29.7%), and the CV of the ERIF was the lowest (5.3%) in this study, showing relative stability; the SFDM was significantly positively correlated with fruit shape and seed shape index (P<0.05), and positively correlated with other parameters (P<0.01). The edible rate was significantly negatively correlated with fruit moisture content, the TD and LD, seed fresh weight, and seed moisture content (R= -0.635? -0.207, P<0.01).; A comprehensive score of ≥1.000 was identified as the breeding standard for improved varieties, with a total of 5 plants selected from 32 individual study plants, which accounting for 15.6% of the total number of plants. [Conclusion] The diversity of individual P. dactylifera FST was extremely rich, and it had a basis of selecting and breeding superior individual plant; wherein, numbers 1~4 and 11 could be objects as superior individual plant selection for further continuous observation and analysis, ultimately determining the stability of their superior traits. The proportion of superior individual P. dactylifera plant in the population was relatively low, and the breeding of superior varieties is of great significance for improving their yield and output value. Key words: fruit and seed traits; diversity; superior varieties; principal component analysis
    Study on the coexistence of Fagaceae in an evergreen broad-leaved forest of Malipo
    LUO Rui, CHEN Xi, YANG Kehan
    2025,45(1):146-157   DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240332
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (0) [PDF 694.41 K] (5)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] Investigating and analyzing Fagaceae community structure and dynamics in Malipo subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, is important for exploring the coexistence mechanism and dominance differences of Quercus, Lithocarpus and Castanopsis, and providing an empirical study for understanding coexistence of Fagaceae species. [Methods] We set four 600 m2 plots in the Malipo natural reserve in May 2021. Excel 2019 and SPSS 25.0 software were used to analyze the dominant group by both individual number and basal area, and make static life table and survival curve to understand the differentiation among different genera and the mechanism for their coexistence. [Results] (1) The average basal area of Fagaceae and Lithocarpus were 57.04% and 32.82%, which makes them the dominant family and genera respectively. (2) The diameter class distribution of the three genera was all barrel-shaped, with small proportion of seedlings and large trees (17.43%), and large proportion of small- and middle-sized trees (82.57%). (3) The survival curves of the three genera all fitted Deevey-Ⅱ type. The mortality of Quercus and Castanopsis species increased with increasing in diameter class, whearus after becoming saplings, Lithocarpus species become stablized. [Conclusion] Fagaceae, especially Lithocarpus was the dominant group in the Malipo subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests. The differentiation in characteristics of community dynamics, species distribution and diversity among three genera are important causes for their coexistence and differentiation in dominance.
    New Plant Taxa
    New records of species of Anthocerotophyta to Xizang, China
    Zhuogabayong, SONG Xiaotong, HONG Jiakang, GU Jiqi, SHAO Xiaoming, WANG Ruihong
    2025,45(1):158-162   DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240202
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.86 M] (5)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] This paper reports the new recorded species of Anthocerotophyta to Xizang, which enrich the study of bryophytes flora in Xizang. [Methods] Through the identification and analysis of bryophytes collected from Sygera Mountains in Xizang were carried out in order to provide references for the study of bryophyte diversity in Xizang and by means of classical taxonomical methods and ultrastructural observation. [Results] Anthoceros punctatus L. and Phaeoceros laevis (L.) Prosk were found to be new recorded species in Xizang. [Conclusion] Their morphological characteristics were described. Pictures of micromorphology and ultrastructure of spores were provided, and their habitat and distribution were analyzed. The discovery of these two species enriched the flora list of bryophytes in Xizang Autonomous Region and provided new information for the study of hornwort.
    Reviews and Commentaries
    Effects of climate warming and precipitation changes on grassland plant diversity-productivity and stability relationships
    A Wang, LV Wangwang, SUN Jianping, LI Bowen, WANG Shiping
    2025,45(1):163-172   DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240475
    [Abstract] (6) [HTML] (0) [PDF 3.68 M] (8)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] Ecosystem stability is a key indicator used to gauge whether an ecosystem possesses sustainable functions and services, as well as the ability to operate normally. Plants as the primary trophic level in ecosystems, play an essential role in upholding overall ecosystem stability. The relationship between ecosystem function and biodiversity has become a central focus in ecological research due to the alarming global biodiversity loss. The debate persists on whether biodiversity enhances and sustains ecosystem functions, such as productivity and its stability. Climate warming and precipitation change offer natural settings to assess the stability of plant communities such as diversity-ecosystem function relationship. [Reviews] We conducted a thorough overview of the relationship between plant diversity and productivity, its stability in grassland ecosystems, while systematically reviewing the impact of climate change on the relationship between plant diversity and productivity, its stability, exploring its underlying mechanisms and theories governing these processes. [Prospect] We ended with a discussion on questions and future research directions concerning plant diversity-productivity and stability relationships.
    Cloning and expression analysis of the HDR gene in Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz.
    WANG Xiaoyu, LI Xiaohui, YAN Huijing, YU Meng, WANG Fengru, KE Shaoying
    Available online:January 17, 2025, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240524
    [Abstract] (4) [HTML] (0) [PDF 3.01 M] (0)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] The HDR gene is a pivotal regulator in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, which play a significant role in the stress resistance mechanisms of plants. This study aimed to clone the AcHDR gene from Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. and investigate its biological characteristics, as well as its expression patterns across various tissues and under salt stress, provide a theoretical foundation for studying the functional role of the AcHDR gene. [Methods] The AcHDR gene from Atractylodes chinensis was cloned using RACE technology (GenBank accession number: PQ369427). The physicochemical properties, conserved domains, conservation, and protein structure of AcHDR were analyzed, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The expression of AcHDR in different tissues and under 100 mmol/L NaCl stress was detected using qRT-PCR technology. The photosynthetic characteristics of leaves under different salt stress were determined. [Results] The full-length open reading frame of AcHDR is 1 383 bp, encoding 460 amino acids, and contains a lytB_ispH domain. It is relatively conserved during evolution and closely related to HDR genes from lettuce, chicory, and rubber grass. qRT-PCR results indicated that AcHDR is most highly expressed in the leaves of Atractylodes chinensis. Under 100 mmol/L NaCl stress, the expression of AcHDR initially increased and then decreased. NaCl stress of 150 mmol/L and 250 mmol/L significantly affected photosynthesis of atractylodes atractylodes. [Conclusion] The rapid response of AcHDR gene to salt stress may improve the salt tolerance of plants.
    Preliminary study on pathogenesis of Huangguo pear dry rot disease based on transcriptome sequencing
    HE Fengying, BAI Luchao
    Available online:January 16, 2025, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240353
    [Abstract] (4) [HTML] (0) [PDF 4.61 M] (6)
    Abstract:
    [Objective]The dry rot disease of huangguo pear caused by Fusarium infestation seriously affects the yield and quality of huangguo pear and hinders the development of its industry. Analyze the expression of key genes in the process of huangguo pear response to dry rot pathogen infection, to provide theoretical basis for revealing its pathogenesis. [Methods] In this study, lllumina RNA-seq technique was used to sequence the transcriptome of Huangguo pear by inoculating stem with pathogenic as the disease group (HG) and blank PDA medium as the control group (HK). [Results](1) A total of 34.62 Gb of valid data was obtained for the six samples, and screened to 1,137 DEGs. among?which?548?were?up-regulated?and?589?were?down-regulated.(2) KEGG was significantly enriched to pathways such as plant pathogen interactions, starch and sucrose metabolism, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, and phenylalanine biosynthesis.(3) RT-qPCR expression levels of 10 DEGs were detected, and the trend of RT-qPCR and RNA-seq gene relativ
    Genetic Diversity Analysis of 197 Foxtail Millet Accessions Based on SSR Markers
    WEN Rui, ZHAO Yajie, JIA Yiming, JIN Xiaolei, ZHANG Yonghu
    Available online:January 16, 2025, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240522
    [Abstract] (6) [HTML] (0) [PDF 724.96 K] (6)
    Abstract:
    In this study, SSR molecular marker diversity analysis was performed on 197 foxtail millet germplasm resources such as local farm species and bred varieties ( lines ) from all over the country. The results showed that 12 pairs of SSR primers were polymorphic in 197 millet germplasm, and 173 alleles ( Na ) were detected, with an average of 14.417 alleles per primer. Shannon "s information index ( I ) ranged from 0.207 to 2.623, with an average of 1.621, of which 7 pairs of primers reached more than 1.5. The PIC values ranged from 0.074 to 0.894, with an average of 0.628. Eight pairs of primers were highly polymorphic ( PIC > 0.5 ). The results of molecular variance analysis ( AMOVA ) showed that the percentage of variation among populations of 197 foxtail millet germplasms was 12.0 %, and the percentage of variation within populations was 88.0 %, which was consistent with the genetic differentiation index ( Fst = 0.141 ), which may be caused by high gene flow ( Nm = 3.642 ). PCoA analysis divided 197 foxtail millet germplasms into four categories. The first principal component and the second principal component can explain 23.08 % and 20.33 % of the total variables, respectively. The results of principal component analysis showed that the populations with similar geographical locations were not preferentially clustered into one group, indicating that there may be no correlation between the genetic differences of each variety ( line ) and the relationship between regions. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the protection and utilization of millet germplasm resources, and provide a scientific basis for future millet breeding work and further scientific research and efficient utilization.
    Study on the mechanism of improving tomato Fusarium Wilt resistance through resistant rootstock grafting
    LU Panling, XUAN Lijie, ZHANG Hongmei, TIAN Shoubo, HE Kai, ZHANG Hui
    Available online:January 15, 2025, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240552
    [Abstract] (18) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.96 M] (28)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] The study aims to explore the effects of Fusarium oxysporum infection on physiological and biochemical indices of tomato resistant rootstock grafted seedlings, and to provide theoretical basis for revealing the mechanism of grafting in improving tomato resistance to Fusarium wilt. [Methods] Tomato disease-resistant material ‘FR’ was used as rootstock and the susceptible material ‘AC’ was used as scion. Grafting was conducted onto both resistant rootstocks and self-rooted plants of susceptible material. Pathogenesis, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity, hormone content and related gene expression were measured in both two types of grafted plants following infection with F. oxysporum. [Results] Compared with self-rooted plants, the disease index and incidence of Fusarium wilt disease of tomato grafted plants were significantly reduced by 95.6% and 90.7%, respectively. After F. oxysporum infection, grafted plants exhibited significantly higher photosynthetic parameters, such as net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and maximum photochemical efficiency, as well as increased jasmonic acid content and enhanced expression of genes in the JA signaling suppressor pathway, compared to self-rooted plants. The activities of SOD, POD, CAT, and APX in grafted plants were lower than those in self-rooted plants, while salicylic acid and aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate levels showed no significant differences. However, the expression of genes in the SA and ET signaling pathways, was higher in grafted plants than in self-rooted plants. [Conclusion] Grafting onto resistant rootstocks significantly enhances tomato resistance to Fusarium wilt. This increased resistance is primarily achieved through the improvement of leaf photosynthetic efficiency, regulation of antioxidant enzyme activity, and activation of systemic resistance via signaling pathways.
    Intera- and inter-specific competitions of endangered plant Sinomanglietia glauca tree Saplings
    KUANG Xiaobao, LI Ting, LIN Guojiang, ZHANG Chengcheng, XU Jiawen, YANG Qingpei
    Available online:January 15, 2025, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240513
    [Abstract] (5) [HTML] (0) [PDF 506.75 K] (7)
    Abstract:
    【Objective】Investigating the intra- and inter-specific competition traits of Sinomanglietia glauca saplings can provide scientific basis for the targeted protection of this endangered plant. 【Methods】We investigated regeneration layers of S. glauca community and used the Hegyi competition model to assess the intra- and inter-specific competition intensity of 186 S. glauca saplings in Yujingshan Provincial Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province.【Results】We found that intra-specific competition was dominant in the S. glauca saplings competitive pressure. Intra-specific competition index (CI) was 1390.66 and accounted for 61.55% of total CI; the relationships between the diameter at breast height (DBH) and the intra-, inter-specific, and total CI of S. glauca saplings were all exponential functions, which indicated these three competition intensities gradually decreased with increasing of DBH. In addition, S. glauca saplings had higher inter-specific competition intensity than did intra-specific competition intensity before the DBH was 2.80 cm, and then showed an opposite trend.【Conclusion】During the growth process of S. glauca saplings, inter-specific competition generally was the primary source of competition; intra- and inter-specific competition would gradually weaken; the proportion of intra-specific competition to the total competition intensity would gradually increase. In order to alleviate the competition pressure S. glauca saplings, the competitive non-endangered species should be appropriately removed in the regeneration layer of the S. glauca natural community.
    Establishment of Transgenic System of Paeoina Pollen-Mediated by Magnetic Nanoparticles
    GAO Jianzhou, ZHONG Yuan, LI Bingling, LIU Yan
    Available online:January 15, 2025, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20230238
    [Abstract] (1) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.70 M] (5)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] Paeonia suffruticosa and Paeonia lactiflora are traditional famous flowers in China. However, due to the complex genetic background of Paeonia germplasm resources, the traditional hybrid breeding cycle is too long, and the traditional genetic transformation method has low transformation efficiency in Paeonia germplasm resources. Therefore, the establishment of an efficient genetic transformation system is of great significance for the biological breeding of Paeonia germplasms. [Methods] In this study, different Paeonia germplasm resources were used as materials to optimize the pollen in vitro culture medium formula, and the technical indicators of pollen genetic transformation based on nano-magnetic beads ( nano-magnetic beads concentration, vector concentration, transformation time ) were refined. The pollen after genetic transformation was then used for cross breeding, and the phenotype and molecular detection of transgenic were carried out in the offspring. [Results] The results showed that the optimal pollen in vitro culture medium formula ( sucrose content 5 %, boric acid concentration 100mg/L, CaCl2 concentration 30mg/L ), the germination rate was up to 82 %. Nanocarrier-gene complexes with different mass ratios were constructed. The results of agarose gel electrophoresis showed that when the mass ratio of nanomagnetic beads to DNA was 1:20, it could still bind to DNA stably and protect it from nuclease digestion. The results of orthogonal test showed that when the concentration of nano-magnetic beads was 1 μg/mL, the concentration of carrier was 2 μg/mL, and the transformation time was 1.5 h, the transformation efficiency was up to 38.70 %, and the pollen germination rate could be maintained at 68.23 %. Different combinations of hybrid breeding were carried out by using the transformed pollen. After GUS staining and RT-PCR verification, the transformed seeds could be stained blue and the expression of GUS gene was detected. [Conclusion] In this study, a genetic transformation system of Paeonia germplasm resources based on nano-magnetic beads mediated pollen was successfully established, which provided a reference for molecular biology research and biological breeding of Paeonia germplasm.
    Analysis of nutritional components and miRNAs in flower buds during the sex differentiation in Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge
    KANG Yifan, AO Yan
    Available online:January 15, 2025, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240523
    [Abstract] (4) [HTML] (0) [PDF 881.39 K] (5)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] The purpose of the article is to study the effects of nutritional components and miRNAs on the sex differentiation of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge, and provide a basis for improving the sex ratio in future studies. [Methods] Non-structural carbohydrate content was measured using the anthrone colorimetric method. Mineral element content was measured via the Kjeldahl method, Mo-Sb colorimetric method, flame photometry, and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. sRNA libraries were constructed to screen differentially expressed miRNAs. Functional enrichment analysis was performed using GO and KEGG. [Results] After the appearance of internal structural differences in male and female flowers (middle stages of differentiation), the contents of soluble sugars and starch in female flowers were significantly lower than that in male flowers. The content of Mg was significantly higher in female flowers, while the content of K, Cu, and Zn was significantly lower compared to male flowers. In the late stage，the content of K, Ca, Cu, and Zn was significantly lower in female flowers, and the content of P was consistently higher in female flowers during differentiation. Fourteen miRNAs were found to affect the anabolism of starch and sugar, among which four miRNAs were differentially expressed. 17 miRNAs affect the binding transport of Fe, Mn, Cu, Ca and Mg，and 5 miRNAs are differentially expressed. [Conclusion] High levels of K, Ca, Cu and Zn are beneficial to male flower development, while high levels of soluble sugar, starch, P and Mg are beneficial to female flower development. miR408 and miR396 affect sex differentiation by influencing the above factors indirectly.
    Effects of 6-benzyl aminopurine on stomatal characteristics, dry matter distribution and tuber yield of potato
    Wang JinYu, LIU Juan, YANG Hongyu, ZHANG Zhongfu, CHENG Lixiang, YU Bin
    Available online:January 15, 2025, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240533
    [Abstract] (4) [HTML] (0) [PDF 4.16 M] (6)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] The effects of different concentrations of 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA) on leaf stomatal characteristics, dry matter distribution and yield of potato were investigated to provide a basis for the effective use of exogenous hormones to promote potato production. [Methods] The potted potato variety ‘Favorita’ in an artificial climate chamber was used as materials, and 0(CK), 15, 25, 35 mg/L 6-BA foliar spraying treatments were set up, respectively. Leaf stomatal characteristics, plant growth and physiological indexes were observed at different growth stages. After harvest, dry matter distribution and yield formation factors were analyzed. [Results] Compared with CK, the indexes of potato were improved and improved under 15 mg/L 6-BA treatment, but decreased and inhibited under other concentration treatment. Under 15 mg/L 6-BA treatment, the stomatal density of adaxial and abaxial surfaces of leaves increased significantly by 27.36% and 3.24%, respectively, compared with CK. The relative water content and transpiration rate of leaves increased by 6.32% and 2.75%, respectively. 15 mg/L 6-BA treatment could effectively increase the distribution proportion of dry matter in tubers, yield per plant, number of tubers per plant and the fresh weight of tubers by 9.33%, 40.49%, 20.09% and 17.31%, respectively, compared with the control. The stomatal density of adaxial and abaxial surfaces of leaves was significantly positively correlated with the number of tubers per plant (P<0.05). [Conclusion] Favorable concentration of exogenous 6-BA treatment could significantly increase the stomatal density of potato leaves, the proportion of dry matter in tubers and tuber yield, and the optimal concentration was 15 mg/L.
    Effects of Epulorhiza sp. on the Expression of Mannosidase Gene and Mannose Content in Dendrobium officinale
    WANG Weiying, ZOU Hui, LIN Jiangbo, DAI Yimin
    Available online:January 15, 2025, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240625
    [Abstract] (5) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.29 M] (6)
    Abstract:
    Objective To explore the relationship between Epulorhiza sp., β-1,4-mannosidase gene (DoMan1) and mannose accumulation of Dendrobium officinale. Methods The sequence of the significantly different gene DoMan1 was obtained through transcriptome sequencing. The expression level of DoMan1 by RT-PCR, and the mannose content in the different tissues of D. officinale infected by Epulorhiza sp. were determined by HPLC. Results The sequence of DoMan1 was obtained using transcriptome sequencing, and the cDNA of DoMan1 was cloned. The sequence analysis results showed that the length of ORF was 1326 bp, which encoded 441 amino acids and belonged to the β-1,4-mannosidase family. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the DoMan1 protein had the closest evolutionary relationship with the homologous protein of Dendrobium nobile. Transient expression showed that DoMan1 was located in cell membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. The expression pattern analysis showed that DoMan1 was expressed in all tissues of D. officinale, with the highest expression level in the leaves. After the symbiosis between Epulorhiza sp. and root, the expression of DoMan1 was significantly induced, indicating that this gene was induced by the infection of Epulorhiza sp.. HPLC analysis showed that the polysaccharides of D. officinale were mainly composed of mannose and glucose, and the infection of Epulorhiza sp. promoted the accumulation of mannose, with the highest content in the stems. Conclusion The infection of Epulorhiza sp. induced the expression of DoMan1 and promoted the accumulation of mannose, especially in the stems and leaves, which exhibited high content and good medicinal value. This provides insights into the high-quality cultivation of D. officinale, also the research and development of its medicinal components.
    Effects of temperature and water on seed germination of Astragali Complanati Semen
    LUO Qingqing, Dong Huan, Cao Wei, Guo Kangya, Guo Yuan, Duan Qimei
    Available online:January 14, 2025, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240283
    [Abstract] (27) [HTML] (0) [PDF 920.71 K] (105)
    Abstract:
    【Objective】 Seed germination is a key step in the standardized cultivation of Astragali Complanati Semen. This study was to investigate the effects of temperature and water potential on seed germination of Astragali Complanati Semen, and to clarify the relationship between temperature and water potential conditions and seed germination, so as to provide a theoretical basis and a technical reference for the standardized cultivation of Astragali Complanati Semen. 【Methods】 The seeds of Astragali Complanati Semen from Dali County, Shaanxi Province were used as experimental materials. Seed germination of Astragali Complanati Semen was tested under different temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 35 ℃) and water potentials (0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6 and -0.8 MPa). Multiple regression analysis was used to establish the thermal model and hydrotime models, that were used to evaluate the effects of temperature and water potential on seed germination of Astragali Complanati Semen. 【Results】 Under the condition of 20 ℃, the germination rate reached the maximum (94.00%) and the geimination speed was slightly lower than that under the condition of 25 ℃, but there was no significant difference. The germination rate reached a maximum of 92.74% at 0 MPa, and both germination rate and germination speed decreased with the decrease of water potential. The basal temperature for seed germination was 7.97 ℃, and the accumulated temperature θT(50) was 358.88 ℃·h when the seed germination rate reached 50%. The basic water potential of seed germination was -0.6558 MPa, and the water potential accumulation value θH(50) was 20.15 MPa·h when the seed germination rate reached 50%. 【Conclusion】 The seed germination of Astragali Complanati Semen was affected by different temperatures and water potentials, and the optimal temperature and water potential condition for germination were 20 ℃ and 0 MPa. According to the characteristics of temperature and water potential requirements of Astragali Complanati Semen, seed germination time of Astragali Complanati Semen could be reasonably predicted, and the production of Astragali Complanati Semen could be reasonably arranged to improve the standardization level of its cultivation.
    Effects of exogenous substances on root rot resistance and physiological characteristics of continuous cropping Codonopsis pilosula
    HU Yurong, MA Lan, QIU Daiyu, XU Fengbin, CHEN Xianxian
    Available online:January 14, 2025, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240582
    [Abstract] (3) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.87 M] (7)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] The study aims to elucidate the effects of three exogenous substances on the root rot disease of continuously cropped Codonopsis and their impact on its physiological and biochemical properties, providing a reference for the use of these substances to alleviate the root rot disease associated with continuous cropping of Codonopsis. [Methods] Using one-year-old potted Codonopsis seedlings as experimental materials, we established a blank control, a pathogen infection treatment, and subsequent treatments with 28-homomethionine for root drenching, foliar spray, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and amino acid water-soluble fertilizer after infection. We investigated the inhibitory rate of the root rot disease in continuously cropped C. pilosula and the changes in its physiological and biochemical properties. [Results] The biocontrol bacteria B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens can significantly inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi infecting C. pilosula, with an inhibition rate of over 70%. The application of 28-homolinolenic acid through root drenching, foliar spray, and amino acid water-soluble fertilizer significantly increases chlorophyll content, enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, POD and CAT, and markedly reduces cellular membrane damage and the extent of lipid peroxidation. Additionally, biocontrol treatments significantly decrease the accumulation of soluble sugars, MDA, proline and soluble proteins, restoring them to normal levels. [Conclusion] Biocontrol agents such as B. subtilis can effectively inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungal hyphae and the germination of spores. Plant growth regulators and amino acid water-soluble fertilizers can balance the osmotic adjustment system, enhance the antioxidant defense mechanism, promote photosynthesis, and strengthen the plant"s stress resistance.
    Preliminary Study on Hybridization between Phaius and Calanthe
    ZHOU Yan, ZHANG Fengting, CHEN Lunyan, HE Wenyan, WU Shasha, ZHAI Junwen
    Available online:January 13, 2025, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240551
    [Abstract] (10) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.98 M] (9)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] The study investigates pollen viability, stigma receptivity, and cross-compatibility in Phaius and Calanthe orchids to optimize hybrid breeding strategies, shorten the breeding cycle, and provide guidance for the conservation and utilization of germplasm resources. [Methods] Plants from the genera Phaius and Calanthe were used as experimental materials. The pistil receptivity and pollen viability were evaluated using benzidine-peroxide and in vitro pollen germination methods to assess their changes with flowering time. Designed hybridization experiments and established a cross-compatibility evaluation system using the membership function method. [Results] Both genera had peak stigma receptivity and pollen activity in the first 1-2 days of flowering. Interspecific hybridization showed higher affinity than intergeneric hybridization. There is a notable difference in intergeneric hybrid compatibility, with a clear unidirectional trend. P. tancarvilleae ♀ × C. argenteostriata ♂shows the highest cross-compatibility.[Conclusion] The best pollination time is 1-2 days after flowering. A cross-compatibility evaluation system has been established using a series of compatibility indicators, such as expansion rate, fruit set rate, embryo-containing seed rate, germination rate, and others.
    Comprehensive evaluation of the adaptability for 120 Salvia plants in Shanghai
    Huang Yanbo
    Available online:January 13, 2025, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240527
    [Abstract] (9) [HTML] (0) [PDF 3.22 M] (6)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] Many Salvia species have been explored for the applications of medicine, ornament, edibility as well as essential oils and health care. This study will determine the types of Salvia plants that can be grown healthily in Shanghai (Yangtze River Region). [Methods] Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a set of adaptive evaluation system comprising 5 aspects and 22 evaluation factors was constructed. Based on this system, the adaptability of 120 Salvia species (cultivars) from both domestic and international sources were comprehensively assessed. [Results] The findings revealed that horticultural experts believed that the two most crucial factors that determined sage adaptability in the adaptive evaluation system were growing vigor and resistance/prominent traits. Four grades were assigned to 124 Salvia accessions, ranging from high to low: grade I >3.50 points, grade II = 3.50-3.00 points, grade III = 3.00-2.50 points, and grade IV ≤ 2.50 points. Grade I comprises 23 species, such as Salvia miltiorrhiza, as well as 10 cultivars, such as and S. microphylla ‘Cerise’. They possessed the highest potential for cultivation in Shanghai due to their excellent adaptable scores. For grade II, III, and IV, there are 28, 25, and 38 sepcies and cultivars, respectively. [Conclusion] This study developed a reasonable and practical Salvia adaptability evaluation system aimed at identifying Salvia plants with varying adaptability in Shanghai (Yangtze River Region), as well as to provide reference standards and directly optional species for Salvia introduction and cultivation in other regions.
    The Effect of the Extract of Peganum nigellastrum on the Germination of Solanum rostratum Seeds
    LI Dongzhi, ZHAO Xinghua, LIU Ruimin, ZHANG Jingyuan, SHAO Yazhou, HUANG Ying
    Available online:January 13, 2025, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240479
    [Abstract] (9) [HTML] (0) [PDF 615.31 K] (8)
    Abstract:
    【Objective】 The objective of this study is to provide an idea for the prevention and control of invasive plants due to the rapid invasion of Solanum rostratum, and the current physical and chemical control measures will not only consume manpower, but also pollute the environment to a certain extent. In this study, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of extracts from Peganum nigellastrum on seed germination, in order to provide a reference for the invasion and control of S. rostratum. 【Methods】 Different concentrations (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 g/L) of aqueous extracts of P. nigellastrum, prepared in an indoor petri dish method, and seed germination experiments were carried out with S. rostratum as the receptor. 【Results】 (1) When the concentration of the extract was 30 g/L, the germination rate, germination potential, germination index and vigor index of S. rostratum seeds were 0. (2) When the concentration of extract was 30 g/L, the comprehensive allelopathic effect index of seed germination index of S. rostratum was -1.00. (3) When the concentration of the extract was 30g/L, the inhibition rate of radicle germ of S. rostratum was 100%. The comprehensive allelopathic effect index of radicle and germ was -1.00. 【Conclusion】 When the extract of P. nigellastrum was 30 g/L, it had the best inhibition on the germination of seeds and the growth of radicle germ at germination stage.
    New distribution data of five plant species in Shaanxi Province
    WANG Chenxi, SUN Meng, HOU Dafu, LI Wenjun, LI Junfeng, KANG Bing
    Available online:January 13, 2025, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240419
    [Abstract] (5) [HTML] (0) [PDF 5.61 M] (6)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] The purpose is to update and supplement the background information on wild plant resources in the Micangshan Nature Reserve of Shaanxi Province, and provide a theoretical basis for the effective conservation and rational use of wild plant resources. [Methods] Combined with the identification of specimens, the review of relevant literature and books, and the consultation of experts, the new record plant specimens of Shaanxi were collated and screened.[Results] Five species of plants were identified as having their first distribution in Shaanxi, including Stachyurus himalaicus Hook. f. et Thoms, Glochidion wilsonii Hutch, Trichosanthes laceribractea Hayata, Cayratia albifolia C. L. Li and Zingiber atrorubens Gagnep. [Conclusion] The new record of plants enriches the background data of angiosperms in Shaanxi Province. The new distribution of the five plant species is of some significance for the study of their origins and range shifts.
    Colchicum kesselringii Regel (Colchicaceae): A new record species in China
    ZENG Siwei, WANG Meizhen, LIU Jun, YANG Zhaoping, LI Pan
    Available online:January 13, 2025, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240518
    [Abstract] (5) [HTML] (0) [PDF 4.78 M] (6)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] The study aims to enrich plant germplasm resources, Assisting with the third comprehensive scientific expedition to Xinjiang and seed collection for The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China. [Methods] The research team carried out plant investigation in Wuqia County, Xinjiang in 2022-2024, and found a plant species belonging to the Colchicaceae family and Colchicum genus in Wulukeqiati Township, which borders Kyrgyzstan. Through morphological comparison with similar species and molecular phylogenetic studies based on chloroplast gene fragments atpB-rbcL, psbA-trnH, rps16 and trnL, species identification was performed. [Results] Combined with the results of morphological and molecular systematics, this species was identified as Colchicum kesselringii Regel, a new record of Colchicaceae in China. [Conclusion] The discovery of this new record filled the distribution of colchicum in China and added new germplasm resources for higher plants in China.
    The effects of bamboo clump mulching on non-structural carbohydrates and stoichiometric characteristics of Dendrocalamus brandisii shoots
    CAO Jianjie, HUI Chaomao, XIANG Ziqian, LIU Weiyi
    Available online:January 13, 2025, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240555
    [Abstract] (8) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.26 M] (7)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] The study aims to investigate the effects of bamboo clump mulching on non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) and carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of Dendrocalamus brandisii shoot, and to clarify the response of shoot nutrient distribution to mulching measures, improve the cultivation technology and economic benefits. [Methods] A 10-year-old D.brandisii plantation in Mengtong Town, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, was selected for the study. A randomized block design experiment was conducted with six dual-layer mulching treatments (BM, JM, YK, LN, GC, CK). The nutrient element distribution and characteristic differences in bamboo shoots under different mulching treatments were analyzed. [Results] (1) Mulching significantly reduced NSC, soluble sugars, and the sugar-to-starch ratio (P< 0.05). (2) Mulching had a significant effect on the content of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as their stoichiometric ratios (P< 0.05). (3) There was a significant correlation between NSC and C, N, P stoichiometric characteristics (P< 0.05). (4) The CK treatment performed best in the comprehensive analytical evaluation, the stoichiometric profile was highly plastic and adaptable. [Conclusion] Mulching inhibited the growth of D.brandisii to enhance resistance and adaptability to extreme environments by promoting its nutrient utilization, adjusting the conversion of soluble sugars and starch and the pattern of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus allocation, and forming an adaptive strategy of coupling and synergistic interactions among multiple elements.
    Exploring Strategies of Different Plant Organs of Ramie to Tolerate the Cadmium Stress
    LI Zhiwei, WU Yini, HE Congyu, XUE Shuai, JIE Yucheng, WU Shenglan
    Available online:December 31, 2024, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240428
    [Abstract] (17) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.41 M] (20)
    Abstract:
    Abstract [Objective] This study was designed to explore the tolerance strategies of different organs of ramie plants (Boehmeria nivea) to cadmium (Cd) stress. [Methods] Using the Cd-enriched germplasm "Xiangzhu XB" and the Cd-tolerant germplasm "Xiangzhu 3" as materials, a pot trial was conducted using that subjected to varying concentrations of Cd stress (0, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg). The subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd in different organs and the changes in the composition of underground organ cell walls were analyzed and compared. [Results] (1) To tolerant the Cd stress, ramie plant reduces the Cd translocation by adsorbing and immobilizing it in the cell walls and compartmentalizing within vacuoles. For example, over 90% of Cd2+ in the underground organs and leaves is immobilized through these mechanisms. (2) In the process of adapting to Cd stress, the Cd binding forms in different organs show a trend of shifting from highly mobile forms to less mobile ones. Under Cd stress, Cd in the underground organs predominantly exists in a NaCl-extractable form, accounting for more than 50% of the total Cd content. (3) Factors influencing Cd retention in underground organs include an increase in the cell wall components and the proportion of NaCl-extractable Cd in these organs. Additionally, the retention effect is influenced by the genotype. [Conclusion] The organs of ramie enhance Cd tolerance by altering the binding forms of Cd. The cell wall and vacuoles play important roles in improving Cd tolerance. The increase in major components of the cell wall in the underground organs contributes to Cd retention.
    The effects of leaf extracts from three trees on the seeds germination and seedlings growth of Casuarina equisetifolia
    WU Dongyang, CHEN can, Chen Guixin, He Ye, Chen Zengyan, Lin Han
    Available online:December 25, 2024, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240496
    [Abstract] (18) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.28 M] (27)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] The aim of the study is to investigate whether the environmental DNA (eDNA) of Casuarina equisetifolia protective forests inhibits seed germination and seedling growth of C. equisetifolia, thereby providing a theoretical basis for natural forest regeneration in the understory. [Methods] We used C. equisetifolia seeds as the research subject and extracted DNA extractions from fresh leaves of three distinct plants: C. equisetifolia, Acacia formosana, and Pinus elliottii. Subsequently, we prepared extraction solutions with concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, and 0.5 g/mL, as well as DNA extraction solutions with concentrations of 20, 200, and 2000 μg/mL. Additionally, we used DNA solutions from the three types of fresh leaves at a concentration of 2000 μg/mL to which an equal volume of DNaseΙ was added for degradation treatment. [Results] (1) The 0.1 g/ml extract of C. equisetifolia leaves inhibited seed germination, with the inhibitory effect increasing with concentration. The 0.5 g/mL concentration was identified as the threshold for allelopathic substances limiting seed germination, showing a low-concentration promotion and high-concentration inhibition effect. (2) High concentrations of self-derived eDNA significantly inhibited both seed germination and seedling growth of C. equisetifolia. A concentration of 2000 μg/mL of leaf DNA solution is likely the threshold for eDNA autotoxicity on seeds and seedlings. (3) Non-self eDNA had no significant effect on seed germination of C. equisetifolia. Both allelopathic autotoxic substances and self-derived eDNA caused significantly greater damage to seedling roots than to stems and leaves. [Conclusion] The germination of C. equisetifolia seeds and the subsequent growth of seedlings are markedly influenced by autotoxicity and elevated levels of endogenous DNA, resulting in the inhibition of natural regeneration within C. equisetifolia forests.
    Physiological Effects of Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate on Jujube Seedlings under Salt Stress
    LIANG Hanyun, LI Xiankuan, WANG Guangping, CHEN Jianing, ZHANG Jian
    Available online:December 25, 2024, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240547
    [Abstract] (19) [HTML] (0) [PDF 800.01 K] (31)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] The study aims to investigate the effects of externally applied methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the growth and physiological characteristics of Jujube seedlings under salt stress, and to preliminarily analyze the optimal concentration and mechanism of MeJA to improve the salt tolerance of Jujube. [Methods] Taking jujube seedlings as materials, after 150 mmol/L NaCl stress for 10 d, 0, 100, 200, 400, 800 μmol/L MeJA was sprayed to analyze the changes of growth, photosynthetic parameters, and physiological indexes of stress resistance of seedlings under each treatment. [Results] After salt stress , the height, root length and relative water content of Jujube seedlings were suppressed, the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of leaves were reduced, and the inter-cellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was elevated; the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, POD and CAT, the content of malondialdehyde, osmoregulatory substances proline, soluble sugar and reducing components flavonoids and polyphenols were elevated. The exogenous MeJA could effectively alleviate the adverse effects of salt stress on the growth and photosynthetic efficiency of Jujube seedlings, and further increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes, osmoregulators and reducing substances, and the degree of alleviation showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of the concentration of MeJA, and the best effect was achieved with 200 μmol/L MeJA. [Conclusion] Exogenous MeJA can enhance the photosynthetic efficiency, osmoregulation ability and antioxidant enzyme defense function of Jujube seedlings under salt stress, effectively alleviate the growth inhibition of salt stress, and thus improve the salt tolerance of plants.
    chickpea; LOX gene family; CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology
    XIE Zhaosong, KONG Hui, HOU Mengjuan, ZHU Jianbo
    Available online:December 25, 2024, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240497
    [Abstract] (16) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.67 M] (24)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] The study aims to screen the LOX family genes related to seed aging, create mutants of LOX family genes in chickpea, and improve the quality of seedling formation in aging chickpea seeds. [Methods] Based on the principle of CRISPR/Cas9 editing, we used “desi” chickpea seeds as materials, screened for highly expressed LOX family genes after seed aging by real-time fluorescence quantitative screening, and designed the target sites by online software CRISPR-GE, and constructed the knockout vector pYLCRISPR/Cas9Pubi-LOX. Cas9Pubi-LOX, transformed chickpea recipients using Agrobacterium-mediated method, identified and sequenced the transgenic plants, and compared the growth of wild type and transgenic type after aging treatment. [Results] Four genes CaLox5, CaLox6, CaLox8 and CaLox10 were screened out, and four genes were targeted for editing, and 14 transgenic regeneration plants were obtained, which were sequenced and analyzed, and two plants were found to be edited in the target region, and the edited genes were CaLOX8 and CaLOX10, and the main types of editing were deletion and substitution, and the seeds of the T1 generation and the wild type were aged simultaneously and aged. The T1 generation seeds and wild-type seeds were aged and planted in the field at the same time, and the transgenic plants had a certain advantage in growth. [Conclusion] The targeted editing of CaLOX10 can improve the seedling quality of chickpea seeds after aging.
    Identification, evolution and expression analysis of the GST gene family in pepper
    LIU Yanfei, DUAN Weike, TANG Kai, XIA Ling, ZHANG Linqing, HUANG Zhinan
    Available online:December 24, 2024, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240511
    [Abstract] (15) [HTML] (0) [PDF 4.39 M] (22)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] The Glutathione S-transferase （GST） genes play a critical role in plant growth and development as well as abiotic stress responses. Exploring the basic characteristics and expression patterns of CaGSTs will provide genetic resources and references for in-depth research on the gene function of CaGST in peppers and molecular stress resistance breeding of vegetables. [Methods] The GST gene family was analyzed with the bioinformatics methods in genome of pepper, and the physical and chemical properties of protein, the gene structure, chromosome localization and evolutionary relationship were determined. Transcriptome data were utilized to examine the expression characteristics of GST genes in various tissues and fruits during varying developmental stages. The expression profiles were also analyzed under variant abiotic stresses using RT-qPCR. [Results] 72 GST members were identified in the whole genome of "CM334" pepper, randomly distributed on 10 chromosomes, with the highest distribution on chromosome 9. Evolutionary analysis showed that CaGST was categorized into 10 subfamilies, with significant differences in gene structure between groups, and tandem duplication caused the expansion of this gene family. Expression analysis showed that CaGST was tissue specific, in which CaGSTZ1 was highly expressed in the late stage of pericarp and placenta development. Under abiotic stress, GaGSTU14, CaMGST1, CaTCHQD1 and CaGSTF3 responded significantly to low temperature, high temperature, salt and drought, respectively. [Conclusion] CaGSTZ1 plays an important role in fruit development, and CaGSTU14 and CaGSTF3 genes may be the key genes for pepper to resist high and low temperatures.
    Exploring the anatomic structure of root knots and their assocaited parasitic nematodes in resource plant Ficus tikoua
    GAN Yu, MA Jukui, LIAO Lijun, MENG Xiangrui, CHEN Yan
    Available online:December 24, 2024, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240498
    [Abstract] (22) [HTML] (0) [PDF 9.81 M] (25)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] To observe the microstructure of root knots in Ficus tikoua, investigate the causes of root knot formation, and provide a basis for the prevention and control of parasitic nematodes in F. tikoua, as well as for resource protection and utilization. [Methods] F. tikoua was used as the experimental material. Paraffin sectioning was employed to analyze the root knot structure, and nematode groups were identified based on the morphology and tissue characteristics of the galls. [Results] (1) Typical tissue structures related to root-knot nematode infestation were widespread, including feeding structures (giant cells), female root-knot nematodes, nematode burrows, and gelatinous egg masses. (2) Some sections revealed tissue structures typical of Xiphinema index-induced galls, such as multinucleated cell clusters, female X. index, browning and collapse of feeding sites, and egg masses. (3) In a few sections, the coexistence of root-knot nematodes and X. index was observed, indicated by the presence of both multinucleated cell clusters and giant cells within the same section. [Conclusion] F. tikoua can be infected by multiple types of parasitic nematodes, including root-knot nematodes and X. index, both of which can invade the root system and induce gall formation. However, root-knot nematodes are the primary cause of gall formation in F. tikoua. Therefore, preventive measures against root-knot nematode parasitism should be emphasized during large-scale cultivation of F. tikoua.
    Characteristics of Plant Community Structure and Environmental Factors in Different Forest Stands of Lushan Mountain
    XIANG Zeyu, XI Dan, ZHANG Zhaochen, ZHANG Jiaxin, WANG Jingxuan, ZHOU Saixia
    Available online:December 24, 2024, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240359
    [Abstract] (17) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.03 M] (27)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] The purpose of this study is to clarify the differences between different forest stands in maintaining community diversity and soil nutrients, and to provide theoretical guidance for protecting plant diversity and improving forest ecosystem functions in subtropical forest. [Methods] The community characteristics and soil environmental characteristics of different forest stands communities were studied by taking Quercus serrata + Sorbus folgneri deciduous broadleaf forest (Ⅰ), Cornus kousa subsp. chinensis + Tilia chingiana deciduous broadleaf forest (Ⅱ), Pinus taiwanensis forest (Ⅲ) and mixed Phyllostachys reticulata-broadleaf forest (Ⅳ) as objects. [Results]（1）The tree height, DBH and density of P. taiwanensis forest were much larger than those of other forest stands. The α diversity of community was deciduous broadleaf forest > P. taiwanensis forest > mixed P. reticulata-broadleaf forest, while the β diversity was the opposite.（2）The soil nutrient content was the highest in mixed P. reticulata-broadleaf forest, followed by deciduous broadleaf forest, and the lowest in P. taiwanensis forest. The stoichiometric ratio of soil (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) and litter biomass were the opposite.（3）The tree height, DBH and density of forest stands were negatively correlated with soil nutrient content. The soil nutrient content was positively correlated with the diversity index E, while negatively correlated with the diversity index R and Ma. [Conclusion] The deciduous broadleaf forest had better diversity maintenance and soil nutrient input, and the community was more stable. In the future, more attention should be paid to the broadleaf forest community in subtropical mountain forest protection and management.
    Analysis of chloroplast genome characteristics and adaptive evolution of four Anna species
    YANG Shengjie, WANG Lisheng, DENG Yongbiao, LI Wenhai, ZHAO Bo
    Available online:December 23, 2024, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240561
    [Abstract] (32) [HTML] (0) [PDF 5.54 M] (36)
    Abstract:
    Abstract [Objective] To clarify the structural characteristics of the chloroplast genomes of four Anna species. in order to provide a scientific basis for its species identification and adaptive evolutionary studies in different habitats. [Methods] Chloroplast genomes were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq high-throughput sequencing. After assembly, the chloroplast genome characteristics were analyzed, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed. Adaptive evolution analysis was performed using EasyCodeML v1.21 software. [Results] Each chloroplast genomes of four Anna species had a typical tetrameric structure, with length of 154 047-154 056 bp, and encoding a total of 132-134 genes. The codon bases tend to end with two bases A and U. 173 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected. The phylogenetic analysis supported that A. rubidiflora was a variety of A. ophiorrhizoides. Twelve chloroplast protein coding genes with positive selection sites were detected by adaptive evolution analysis, most of which were related to photosynthesis, fatty acid synthesis, and protein synthesis. [Conclusion] The chloroplast genome characteristics of four species of Anna were similar, and the adaptive evolution of 12 chloroplast protein coding genes might contribute to the adaptation of this species to extreme habitats such as Danxia and Karst.
    Effects of Salicylic Acid on Growth Physiology, Cadmium Absorption and Accumulation in Sunflower under Cd Stress
    WU Zilong, WANG Xinxin, GONG Peili, Geng Xiao, ZHOU Aopeng, CHEN Xiaoran
    Available online:December 23, 2024, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240538
    [Abstract] (18) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.26 M] (26)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] Exploring the effects of suitable concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) on the growth and physiology as well as on Cd absorption and accumulation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) may provide theoretical basis for its improving the effect of phytoremediation, and remediating heavy metal polluted soil. [Methods]This experiment focused on sunflower and used an aqueous culture method to investigate the effects of salicylic acid (SA) at four concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/L) on the growth physiology as well as Cd absorption and accumulation in sunflower seedlings under a treatment of 0.6 mg/L cadmium (Cd). [Results]The increasing SA concentration initially promoted the growth indexes of sunflower seedlings before causing a decline. At a concentration of 100 mg/L SA (Cd+100SA), sunflower seedlings exhibited optimal growth, with root length, plant height, root biomass, stem biomass, leaf biomass, and whole plant biomass being 1.11, 1.09, 1.17, 1.11, 1.31 and 1.18 times higher than those i
    Effect of on Photosynthetic Characteristics in Leaves of Invasive species Bidens frondosa and its Native Associated Lactuca indica at Different Irradiances
    LIAO Da, LI Binlin, SONG Wei, ZHOU Bing, SU Qitao, YAN Xiaohong
    Available online:December 20, 2024, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240506
    [Abstract] (21) [HTML] (0) [PDF 550.32 K] (27)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] To explore the effects of different irradiances on the photosynthetic characteristics of invasive plant Bidens frondosa and native species Lactuca indica, and to provide reference for revealing the invasion mechanism and control of Bidens frondosa. [ Method ] The differences of photosynthetic characteristics of two species leaves under 100 % (I1), 40 % (I2), 24 % (I3) and 14 % (I4) irradiances were compared. [ Results ] (1) According to the fitting parameters of light response curves, under 100% irradiance, the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax) and light saturation point (LSP) of B. frondosa were significantly higher than that of L. indica, while the light compensation point (LCP) was lower than that of L. indica. Under 14 % irradiance, LSP was higher than that of L. indica, while LCP and dark respiration rate (Rd) were significantly lower than that of L. indica. The respiration efficiency (RE) of B.frondosa was significantly higher than that of L.indica under different irradiances. It showed that B.frondosa had a wider range of adaptation to irradiances. (2) Under the lowest (14%) and highest (100%) irradiances, the chlorophyll content of B.frondosa was significantly higher than that of L.indica, and the carotenoid content of B.frondosa was significantly higher than that of L.indica under 100% irradiance. (3) According to the fitting parameters of CO2 response curves, the carboxylation efficiency (CE), the maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco (Vc max) and the maximum regeneration rate of RuBP (Jmax) of B.frondosa were significantly higher than that of L.indica under 100 % irradiance. Under 14 % irradiance, the CE value was lower than that of L.indica, and the Vcmax was significantly higher than that of L.indica. Under 100 % light intensity, the photorespiration (RP) of L. indica without CO2 was higher than that of L. indica, while Rp decreased under medium and low light intensity, which was lower than that of L. indica. (4) Pmax, Rd, CE, Amax, Rp and Jmax of B.frondosa had higher plasticity than that of native species L. indica, while the RE value and carotenoid content of L. indica had higher plasticity. [ Conclusion ] Under different irradiances, invasive species B.frondosa showed higher photosynthetic capacity and photosynthetic physiological plasticity, and showed stronger adaptability to light heterogeneity. These characteristics would enhance the invasiveness of the invasive species B.frondosa, and contributed to its invasion.
    Cloning, bioinformatics and expression pattern of HvnJAR1 and HvnJAR2 genes in hulless barley
    AN Likun, WANG Ziao, Kelsangdrolma, CUI Yongmei, BAI Yixiong, WU Kunlun
    Available online:December 20, 2024, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240495
    [Abstract] (22) [HTML] (0) [PDF 5.51 M] (27)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] Jasmonate-amido synthetase gene is a crucial component of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway in plants. This study aimed to explore the protein structure and expression pattern of HvnJAR1 and HvnJAR2, providing insights into the JA signaling pathway in hulless barley. [Methods] Bioinformatics analysis and qPCR were used for analyzing the protein structure and expression patterns of HvnJAR1 and HvnJAR2. [Results] HvnJAR1 and HvnJAR2 promoter regions contained elements associated with phytohormones and stress responses. Both HvnJAR1 and HvnJAR2 has no signal peptide and transmembrane, but had a highly conserved GH3 domain. HvnJAR1 and HvnJAR2 were localized in the chloroplast and most closely related to BdJAR1 and BdJAR2. HvnJAR1 and HvnJAR2 had similar secondary, tertiary, cavity and channel structures. HvnJAR1 exhibited stronger binding ability for the HvnGST dimer compared with HvnJAR2. HvnJAR1 and HvnJAR2 were highly expressed in seeds, anthers, and tillers compared with other tissues, and their expression was induced by low temperature, drought, NaCl, MeJA, and ABA. [Conclusion] HvnJAR1 and HvnJAR2 may play significant roles in regulating growth and responding to adversity in hulless barley.
    Transcriptome Analysis of Genes Related to Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Althaea rosea
    GAO Wen, ZHENG Wei, YAN Gengyang, LI Hang, WU Zhengjing, ZHANG Juping
    Available online:December 20, 2024, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240485
    [Abstract] (20) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.13 M] (31)
    Abstract:
    【Objective】This study aims to analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying flower color formation in Althaea rosea. we identified differentially expressed key genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway of A.rosea, thereby revealing the molecular basis for flower color formation, and providing genetic resources for flower color improvement in A. rosea.【Methods】We utilized red and white petals of A.rosea as test materials. The color phenotypes were quantified using a colorimeter, while anthocyanin content was assessed through biochemical analysis. Concurrently, differentially expressed genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway were identified through transcriptome sequencing, with subsequent validation performed via real-time quantitative PCR.【Results】（1）The red petals of A.rosea exhibited significantly higher‘a value’（Phenotypic data representing differences in petal color） than the white petals, indicating a significant phenotypic difference between the two petal colors.（2）The anthocyanin content in the red petals was significantly greater than that in the white petals. Correlation analysis confirmed a significant positive relationship between petal color and anthocyanin content in A.rosea.（3）A total of 2 118 differentially expressed genes were identified in the comparison between red and white petals, with 1 294 genes up-regulated and 824 genes down-regulated, and a greater number of up-regulated genes were associated with the red petals. Among these, 5 differentially expressed structural genes and 19 regulatory genes were found to be significantly related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. 6 differentially expressed genes were selected for RT-qPCR validation, and their expression trends were consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results.【Conclusion】The red coloration of A.rosea petals is attributed to the biosynthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins, which are significantly associated with 24 differentially expressed genes. Thus, we propose that these 24 differentially expressed genes may serve as key determinants of the red pigmentation observed in A.rosea petals.
    Subcellular Localization and Expression Analysis to Abiotic Stress of Zinc Finger Protein Gene MiZFP17 from Macadamia integrifolia
    YANG Xiangyan, CAI Yuanbao, YE Weiyan, LI Bing, LI Huimin
    Available online:December 20, 2024, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240364
    [Abstract] (27) [HTML] (0) [PDF 4.58 M] (26)
    Abstract:
    【Objective】 In this study, zinc finger protein gene MiZFP17 was cloned from macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) and focused on analyzing its expression level under abiotic stress, which providing scientific basis for the molecular mechanism of zinc finger protein gene response to abiotic stress in macadamia.【Methods】 MiZFP17 gene was cloned from macadamia variety ‘JW’ by RT-PCR and analyzed by bioinformatics and subcellular localization. Expression levels of MiZFP17 gene in different organ tissues of macadamia and under abiotic stress were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).【Results】A new gene MiZFP17 from macadamia contained 3 exons and 2 introns. The promoter of MiZFP17 contained abundant cis-acting elements related to plant hormones, transcription factors, and stress. MiZFP17 belonged to tandem C3H zinc finger protein (TZF) with a coiled coil and two typical ZnF-C3H domains (C-X8-C-X5-C-X3-H motif). Subcellular localization indicated that MiZFP17 was mainly localized in the nucleus qRT-PCR analysis showed that high level expressions of MiZFP17 were significant differences in different tissues of macadamia, with the highest expression levels in small fruits and kernels, followed by small flowers and leaves, and the lowest in roots and stems. Expression levels of MiZFP17 in leaves were significantly inhibited by low temperature and drought stresses. However, expression levels of MiZFP17 were significantly induced by high salt, high temperature, and herbicide stresses.【Conclusion】All these results suggested that MiZFP17 gene was mainly localized in nucleus, which may play important regulatory roles in the growth and development of macadamia organ tissues, as well as in response to abiotic stresses such as low temperature, drought, high salt, high temperature, and herbicides.
    Photosynthetic physiology, antioxidant system and cellular nutrition of Ulothrix in response to salt stress
    SUN Wenzhi, PU Yaxue, YANG Songqi, WANG Jie, SUN Xiaomei, LUO Guanghong
    Available online:December 19, 2024, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240438
    [Abstract] (25) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.06 M] (41)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] To investigate the growth, photosynthetic activity, antioxidant system and accumulation of cellular nutrients of Ulothrix in response to salt stress. [Methods] Ulothrix was incubated for 21 days at six concentration gradients of 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 g/L, respectively, with NaCl as the salt stress factor. [Results] The density of Ulothrix increased significantly with time at NaCl concentrations of 0-16 g/L, but the increase in algal density was not significant at 32 g/L NaCl concentration. The maximum specific growth rate and some photosynthetic parameters (φP0, ψ0, φE0, ET0/RC) of Ulothrix decreased significantly with increasing salt concentration, while the opposite trend was observed for ABS/RC, TR0/RC and DI0/RC. CAT, SOD and MDA of Ulothrix were significantly higher than the control under 4-8 g/L NaCl concentration environment, whereas its antioxidant enzyme activities were all significantly lower than the control at 32 g/L NaCl. It was also found that the carotenoids, polysaccharides, proteins and oil content of Ulothrix increased significantly with increasing salt concentration, and in particular, the oil content was 50-105% higher than that of the control in the high-salt environment. [Conclusion] It can be seen that the growth of Ulothrix was inhibited to a certain extent under salt stress conditions, but its antioxidant enzyme activity and cellular nutrient content showed regular changes in the adversity, and the results of the study will provide data support for the application of Ulothrix in the fields of ecological restoration of salinized soil and brackish or semi-brine water, and high-salt wastewater treatment.
    The study on morphology and molecular systematics of Microcoleaceae (cyanobacteria) in Lvliang City
    ZHANG Ting, WANG Jie, DONG Jianxin, WEI Aili, WANG Qinghua, LI Yanhui
    Available online:December 19, 2024, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240369
    [Abstract] (26) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.32 M] (41)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] The enrichment of species diversity within the Microcoleaceae has expanded the algal resources in China, providing a foundation for advancing the monophyletic development of modern cyanobacterial classification systems. [Methods] Fifty-three filamentous cyanobacteria were isolated from soil, rivers and stones surface in Lüliang City, Shanxi Province, China. Morphological observation of algae strains using light microscope. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by using Bayesian method, maximum likelihood method and neighbor-joining method based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The secondary structure of algae strains was predicted based on 16S-23S rRNA gene spacer. [Results] Employing both morphological and molecular systematics methods, six of the algae strains were identified as Microcoleaceae, which were Microcoleus vaginatus, Microcoleus antarcticus, Planktothrix agardhii, Microcoleus pseudautumnalis, Planktothrix rubescens and Planktothrix suspensa. [Conclusion] Microcoleus antarcticum is a new record species of cyanobacteria reported for the first time in China. The discovery of this enriched the species diversity of cyanobacteria in China, provided a theoretical basis for accurate identification of cyanobacteria, and laid a foundation for the further revision and evaluation of Microcoleaceae.
    Jasminanthes laotica Y.H. Tan H.B. Ding: A Newly Recorded Plant of Apocynaceae from Yunnan, China
    ZHAO Mingxu, ZHANG Jiejing, LI Jinhua, YAN Bing, TAN Yunhong, CHEN Fei
    Available online:December 19, 2024, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240371
    [Abstract] (25) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.38 M] (45)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] In the present paper, Jasminanthes laotica Y.H. Tan H.B. Ding is reported for the first time from China, and morphological descriptions of the species are amended based on domestic specimens. [Methods] Morphological and anatomical observations of specimens were conducted using a stereomicroscope, and key taxonomic characteristics were recorded with a digital camera. [Results] The specimens from China and Laos exhibit obvious differences in leaf characteristics, but the structure and size of the flowers are essentially identical, indicating they belong to the same species. [Conclusion] The species is new to China and the discovery aids in deepening the understanding of the relationship between the tropical flora of China and Southeast Asia.
    Adaptability Evaluation of 22 Varieties of Broomcorn Millet In Ordos
    ZHU Lihua, ZHANG Xiaoling, GAO Zhijun, LIU Xiaoyan, WANG Shiqing, FENG Baili
    Available online:December 19, 2024, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240407
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 911.13 K] (0)
    Abstract:
    【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to select high-quality varieties of broomcorn millet suitable for cultivation in Ordos City by analyzing the agronomic and yield traits of 22 millet varieties, in order to promote the development of the local millet industry, meet the market demand for diversified products, and improve farmers" economic benefits. 【Methods】 The method used in this study was a two-year field trial of 22 millet varieties, followed by comprehensive evaluations based on agronomic traits, grey relational analysis, cluster analysis. 【Results】 In terms of agronomic traits, "Neimi 5" had the best performance in panicle weight, panicle grain weight and yield among the 22 varieties. Through cluster analysis, 22 varieties can be divided into six categories: the first three categories (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ) a total of 12 varieties, with high yield potential; There were 5 varieties in the fourth and fifth categories (Ⅳ, Ⅴ), which belonged to the early maturing type. There are 5 species in the sixth category (Ⅵ) with large biomass. The grey correlation degree analysis and principal component analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the varieties. The grey correlation degree and comprehensive score of Neimi 5 were the highest. 【Conclusion】 The variety ‘Neimi No. 5’ exhibited the highest performance in terms of single spike weight, spike grain weight, and yield. It was determined to be the most suitable variety for planting in the region.
    Effects of biochar combined with nitrogen application on Paulownia fortunei seed germination of under Cd stress
    ZHU Xiuhong, JI Shuang, YANG Huihuan, RU Guangxin
    Available online:December 19, 2024, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240423
    [Abstract] (14) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.67 M] (42)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] The study aims to investigate the physiological mechanism of biochar with nitrogen application on mitigating the germination of paulownia seeds under Cd stress, and to provide a reference for the application of biochar and nitrogen for remediation of Cd-contaminated soil. [Methods] Taking the seeds of "Paulownia 1201" as the test material, we investigated the effects of applying different concentrations of Paulownia biochar treatment solution with nitrogen on the germination characteristics, antioxidant levels, osmotic substances and nutrient levels of Paulownia seeds under Cd stress. [Results] (1) The single application of biochar and nitrogen or the combination of the two could promote seed germination, and the seed germination potential, germination rate, germination index, and vitality index were all increased. The length, root length, fresh weight, SS, SP, and free amino acid content of young shoots increased with the increase of treatment solution concentration and reached the maximum value under 5 g/L biochar treatment, while starch content decreased. (2) When biochar or nitrogen was applied alone, GR, Pro, and MDA contents were significantly decreased, while H2O2 contents were not significantly decreased, but Pro and H2O2 contents were all minimized under 5 g/L biochar treatment. In addition, APX activity showed a tendency of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of germination time. (3) When the two were combined, APX and GR activities reached the maximum value, MDA and H2O2 contents were significantly reduced, and Pro content increased but not significantly. The overall improvement effect was biochar with nitrogen > biochar > nitrogen. [Conclusion] The application of biochar and nitrogen can enhance the antioxidant and osmoregulation ability of paulownia seeds, promote the accumulation of nutrients, and significantly promote seed germination, especially the best effect of biochar with nitrogen treatment.
    Cloning and Analysis of Flowering Gene LFY from Early-maturing Rape (Brassica napus L.)
    AI Yu-fang1, CHEN Guan-shui1, ZHOU Yi-fei2, ZHANG Mei1, 3, PAN Da-ren1*
    2012,32(10):1965-1970, DOI:
    [Abstract] (5312) [HTML] (0) [PDF 3.06 M] (36428)
    Abstract:
    RG-8M,early-maturing mutant of late-maturing rape RG-8,was used in the present study.A LEAFY（LFY） homologue gene named BnLFY was cloned from RG-8M with the method of homologous cloning.The full length of BnLFY cDNA was 1 310 bp and contained a complete open reading frame of 1 248 bp,which encoded 415 amino acids residues.As other dicotyledon LFY-like proteins,the deduced amino acid sequence of BnLFY gene had several special regions such as N terminal proline rich region,the central acidic domain,the leucine zipper structure and the lysine and arginine-rich basic region.The result of sequencing indicated that the BnLFY protein shared more than 84% amino acid sequence identity with LFY-like proteins of several cruciferous plants.Transcriptional analysis showed the BnLFY gene expressed constitutively in rape.
    Construction and phenotypic analysis of EMS mutant library of seed-used pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.)
    SUN Mingyang, WANG Ping
    2024,44(8):1283-1294, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240121
    [Abstract] (171) [HTML] (0) [PDF 10.06 M] (21925)
    Abstract:
    【Objective】To accelerate the innovation process of germplasm resources of seed-used pumpkin by constructing a mutant library, which is of great significance for variety selection, improvement and broadening of the genetic base. 【Methods】 Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), a 1.8% mutagen, was used to treat ZHL4 seeds of seed-used pumpkin for 15h. Then, phenotypic variation was observed in single plants of the M1 and M2 generation populations, and microstructural observation was made on the mutant strain ZHL4-33 of the M2 population. 【Results】 (1) A total of 242 mutant plants with 45 phenotypic variations were screened in the M2 population, and the types of variation covered all growth periods and plant organs of the mutant plants, with a total mutation frequency of 25.17%. (2) The leaf microstructure showed that the thickness of the fenestrated tissue of the mutant was significantly higher than that of the wild type, the arrangement was compact, and the traces of the vascular layer were obvious; the stem microstructure showed that the vascular bundles of the mutant were more and densely packed, the diameter of the conduit was smaller than that of the wild type, and the pith was well developed, with a small cell gap and an increase in the number of cells. 【Conclusion】 A mutant library of 425 M2 lines has been constructed, which lays a material foundation for the study of the functional genome of seed-used pumpkin and the selection and breeding of new varieties of seed-used pumpkin.
    Induction of innate immune physiological responses in pepper seedlings by chitin and flg22
    GONG Xuefeng, XU Yi, SONG Zhanfeng, CHEN Xin, CHEN Qiong, HOU Sihao
    2024,44(8):1190-1200, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20230710
    [Abstract] (492) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.01 M] (21284)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] To clarify the characteristics of innate immune physiological responses induced by chitin and flagellin-derived peptide flg22 in pepper seedlings, and to explore the relationship between innate immune physiological responses and pepper multiple resistance to diseases. [Methods] Five local pepper cultivars from Sichuan were used as experimental materials in this study. The disease indexes of bacterial wilt and phytophthora blight in pepper seedlings were analyzed. Meanwhile seedlings were cultured by hydroponics and treated with chitin and flg22 exogenously. Among different pepper cultivars， under different induction times, seedling root growth, stomata aperture, callose deposition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, SOD, CAT activities as well as the changes of related gene expression were checked . Then the physiological responses and theirs relationship with disease resistance were evaluated comprehensively by using biostatistics.[Results] (1) The results showed that the lowest disease index of bacterial wilt and phytophthora blight was 'CT10' cultivar, was the strongest disease resistance, and the highest disease index of bacterial wilt and phytophthora blight was 'TJ' cultivar, was the weakest disease resistance.(2) Exogenous chitin and flg22 inhibited the root growth rate of pepper seedlings in five cultivars, induced stomatal closure on detached leaves, promoted the accumulations of callose deposition in leaf cell wall, increased ROS content constantly with improved SOD and CAT activities continuously. By calculating the average membership function value of the innate immune physiological response index of each different cultivar, it showed that the highest was 'CT10' and the lowest was 'TJ'. The average membership function value has a significant negative correlation with the disease index of bacterial wilt and phytophthora blight .(3) Exogenous flg22 and chitin induced some innate immune involved genes of 'CT10' seedlings significantly upregulation expressions, like CaWRKY22, CaMAPK7 and ChiIV3.[Conclusion] Exogenous flg22 and chitin induced the innate immune physiological responses in pepper seedlings, and the strength of the responses showed different among different varieties. Based on the membership function, the disease resistance level of pepper varieties was evaluated comprehensively. The results showed the average membership function of 'CT10' was the highest and the multi-resistance level was the best, which was related to the significant up-regulated expression of innate immune involved genes CaWRKY22, CaMAPK7 and ChiIV3.
    Cloning, Expression, and Function analysis of MADS-box Transcription Factor CaRIN Gene from Capsicum annuum
    DUAN Minjie, YANG Xiaomiao, LI Yifei, HUANG Renzhong, HUANG Qizhong, ZHANG Shicai
    2024,44(8):1239-1249, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240111
    [Abstract] (302) [HTML] (0) [PDF 3.98 M] (20798)
    Abstract:
    【Objective】 The study aims to explore the expression characteristics and function of RIN gene of MADS-box, and analyze its impact on the metabolism of carotenoids in pepper. 【Methods】 Based on the transcriptome of pepper fruit development, the full-length CDS of MADS-box transcription factor CaRIN gene related to chili ripening was cloned. Then the bioinformatics, expression patterns, subcellular localization, and transcriptional activation activity were conducted, and the effects of VIGS-induced CaRIN gene silencing on carotenoid metabolism were investigated. 【Results】 (1) The CDS region of CaRIN gene was 732 bp in length. The CaRIN gene encoded a protein containing 243 amino acids with a protein molecular weight of 27.95 kD and an isoelectric point (pI) of 7.06. The CaRIN protein has typical MEF2_ Like MADS domain, belonging to the MICK type transcription factor. (2) CaRIN gene is mainly expressed in flowers and fruits with tissue specificity. CaRIN was located in the nucleus and had transcriptional activation activity. (3) The promoter of CaRIN gene had several hormone response elements such as ABRE, and exogenous ABA and ethephon could accelerate the red turning of fruit and induce the high expression of CaRIN and related genes. (4) After VIGS-induced gene silencing of CaRIN, the expression levels of PSY1, CCS, PDS, CRTZ, LCYB and NCED1 of the carotenoid metabolic pathway genes were decreased by 0.27-0.59 times and the total carotenoid content in fruits (0.379 mg/g) was also significantly decreased compared with the control group (0.650 mg/g). 【Conclusion】 CaRIN may be an important regulatory factor of carotenoid metabolism in capsicum fruit.
    Effect of 2,4-epibrassinolide on the growth and physiological characteristics of common bean seedings under saline and alkaline stresses
    Ma Yuanyuan, Wang Zhi, Cao Jinping, Luo Xinrui, Wang Yuping
    2024,44(8):1181-1189, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240138
    [Abstract] (337) [HTML] (0) [PDF 945.50 K] (20798)
    Abstract:
    Abstract 【Objective】In order to explore the physiological mechanism of exogenous 2,4-epibrassinolide (2,4-EBR) in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings under saline-alkali stress conditions.【Methods】Using ''Shanxi Red Common Bean'' as the test material, we studied the effects of saline-alkali stress at 100mmol/L (50mmol/LNaCl+50mmol/LNaHCO3, XP), effects of exogenous spraying of 0.1 mg/L 2,4-EBR and 4.0 mg/L Brassinozole (BRZ) on the growth, photosynthetic gas parameters, antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic adjustment substance content of common bean seedlings , and perform correlation and principal component analysis.【Results】Under saline-alkali stress, common bean leaves curled and withered, and plant height, leaf area, main root length, synthetic pigment content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs) all decreased significantly (P<0.05) , proline (Pro), soluble sugar (SS) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX) activities, Relative conductivity (REC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) were significantly increased (P<0.05). Exogenous spraying of 2,4-EBR can alleviate the wilting and curling of leaves caused by salt-alkali stress, and the plant growth condition gradually improves.?At the same time, it effectively reduces the REC, MDA and Ci of seedling leaves, and significantly increases plant height, leaf area, Primary root length, Pro, SS, Pn, Tr and Gs as well as SOD, POD, CAT and APX activities, but these salt-alkali resistance effects of common beans induced by exogenous 2,4-EBR were reversed after adding BRZ.【Conclusion】 Exogenous 2,4-EBR treatment can reduce membrane lipid peroxidation damage caused by salt-alkali stress by increasing antioxidant system enzyme activity and osmotic adjustment substance content in common bean leaves. It effectively removes the non-stomatal limiting factors that weaken the photosynthesis of common bean seedlings under saline-alkali stress, maintains the photosynthetic activity of the seedlings, promotes seedling growth, and enhances the salt-alkali resistance of common bean seedlings.
    Cloning and Disease Resistance Function Analysis of the Potato Phytosulfokine Gene StPSK4
    WANG Xiang, NIU Yang, XUE Xiaofei, CHENG Shengyang, LU Haibin
    2024,44(8):1218-1228, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240237
    [Abstract] (229) [HTML] (0) [PDF 7.13 M] (20691)
    Abstract:
    【Objective】 The study aims to provide a theoretical basis for potato disease resistance breeding by investigating the characteristics of the potato defensin gene StPSK4 and conducting a functional analysis of its role in potato disease resistance. 【Methods】 The authors Utilized bioinformatics techniques for a systematic analysis of StPSK4, conducting transcriptome sequencing analysis to study the tissue-specific expression patterns of StPSK4 under biotic and abiotic stress conditions, assessing the plant innate immune responses and sensitivity to Pseudomonas syringae in StPSK4 overexpressing plants. 【Results】 The cDNA full length of the StPSK4 gene was 457 bp, encoding 100 amino acids; StPSK4 contains a signal peptide, with its tertiary structure mainly composed of α-helices and random coils; The C-terminus of PSK4 contains the defensin sequence YIYTQ; StPSK4 shared a high similarity of over 80% with Solanaceae crops; StPSK4 was highly expressed in potato sprouts and petioles, and showed strong responses to abiotic stresses such as high temperature, salt, P. syringae, and Phytophthora infestans. Transgenic potato plants overexpressing StPSK4 had been constructed and obtained. Overexpression of StPSK4 suppressed ROS burst in potato, defensed marker gene expression, and enhanced resistance to P. syringae. 【Conclusion】 StPSK4 was involved in potato stress response and suppressed potato's disease resistance function.
    Anatomical Study of Nectar Gland Development and Changes in Sugar Content in Caucasian Clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb. )
    TI Zhonghui, WANG Mingjiu
    2024,44(8):1305-1311, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20230847
    [Abstract] (215) [HTML] (0) [PDF 3.00 M] (20668)
    Abstract:
    【Objective】Caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.) is an excellent nectar source plant, and understanding the morphological characteristics, tissue structure, and development was critical for its reasonable utilization.【Methods】Well-grown standard plants of Caucasian clover were selected and sampled at different developmental periods of the florets, i.e., flower bud visible, petal visible, floret with white petal, floret with pink petal, and floret withered. The paraffin sectioning technology was used to observe the cell and tissue structure of the florets. The starch and soluble sugars including sucrose, fructose, and glucose were determined by capillary aspiration and physiological kit and spectrophotometry at the flower bud visible, petal visible, floret with white petal, floret with pink petal, and floret withered. 【Results】The results showed that: (1) The nectar amount of a individual floret was 0.394±0.095 μL, and the nectar amount per meter square was 4536.93±1319.34 μL. (2) The stamens nectar gland was located at the base of the inner filament of the 9-stamen-combined. The nectar gland tissue had obvious dynamic changes in the starch granules during the whole honey secretion process after PAS staining, which evidenced it was the amyloid nectar gland. (3) The soluble sugar content of floret was the highest at floret with pink petal stage with 7.978 mg/g. Fructose accounted for the largest proportion among the soluble sugar category, peaked at the floret with white petal stage with 66%, decreased gradually after this stage. The starch content accounted for 81%~82% of the total soluble sugar content with a maximum value of 35.173 mg/g at the floret with pink petal stage and the minimum value of 24.168 mg/g at floret with white petal stage. 【Conclusion】The nectar glands of the Caucasus clover belong to the stamens nectar glands, which are composed of secretory epidermal cells and nectar cells. The raw honey is provided by the vascular bundles adjacent to the nectar glands, processed into honey by the nectar gland cells, and finally secreted from the stomata of the epidermis. The soluble sugar content of Caucasus clover florets was the highest in the full flowering stage, and the proportion of fructose was the largest.
    Diurnal variation characteristics of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of six grape varieties at greenhouse in Hotan area
    GUO Yawen, XUE Jing, SONG Guangyong, SU Xuede, YANG Keqing, ZHOU Long
    2024,44(8):1208-1217, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20230735
    [Abstract] (170) [HTML] (0) [PDF 860.15 K] (20628)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] The diurnal variation characteristics of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of greenhouse grape varieties in Hotan area were discussed, and their photosynthetic capacity was comprehensively evaluated, so as to provide reference for the introduction and cultivation management measures of greenhouse grapes in this area. [Methods] Six grape varieties ‘Hutai 8’‘Queen Nina’‘Summer Black’‘Sunshine Muscat’‘Xinyu’ and ‘Crimson Seedless’ were introduced into Hotan greenhouse as experimental materials. The photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of each variety were measured and analyzed, and the principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the ability of each table grape variety. [Results] (1) The photosynthetically active radiation of greenhouse in different positions in general shows that before the shed>behind the shed>middle the shed, and the overall performance in different trellis in general shows that on the trellis＞middle the trellis＞under the trellis. (2) The SPAD values of grape leaves on different trellis was shown as on the trellis＞middle the trellis＞under the trellis, and the order from high to low among varieties was ‘Crimson Seedless’‘Summer Black’‘Xinyu’‘Hutai 8’‘Sunshine Muscat’‘Queen Nina’.(3) The diurnal variation of Pn、Gs and Tr of each variety showed a bimodal curve, and the diurnal variation of Ci showed a U-shaped and W-shaped variation.Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm generally showed a downward trend and then an upward trend. (4) The photosynthetic capacity of six grape varieties was ‘Crimson Seedless’>‘Summer Black’ >‘Sunshine Muscat’ >‘Xinyu’>‘Hutai 8’>‘Queen Nina’. [Conclusion] ‘Crimson Seedless’ and ‘Summer Black’ have higher Pn、Gs、Tr、Fo、Fm and lower Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm compared to other varieties, and are better adapted to the Hotan area, able to adapt to the local environment of high temperature and highlight intensity facilities.
    Comparison of the Leaf Epidermal Micromorphology between Female and Male Idesia polycarpa Maxim.
    YIN Dandan, SU Shang
    2024,44(8):1312-1320, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240070
    [Abstract] (171) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.58 M] (20575)
    Abstract:
    【Objective】The study aimed to explore the micromorphological characteristics of leaf epidermis of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. and compare differences between the female and male plants, and provide references for the mining and utilization of this germplasm resources. 【Methods】The leaf epidermal micro-configurations of 40 plants of I. polycarpa (half female and half male) were characterized with scanning electron microscopy. Meanwhile, 12 stomatal traits were measured, and the similarities and differences among samples were analyzed. 【Results】(1) The leaf epidermal hair, cell morphology, stomatal characteristics and wax pattern of both female and male I. polycarpa were similar. Its dense, conical conicoid-like wax covered on the abaxial epidermis was rarely observed in other plants. (2) The leaf stomatal size (length, width, area and perimeter) and density related parameters of female I. polycarpa were slightly higher than those of male samples. On the contrary, leaf stomatal pore related parameters (stomatal pore width, stomatal opening area and stomatal opening level) were slightly higher in male samples. But all differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). (3) Most stomatal traits were significantly correlated with each other, while stomatal density was rarely related with others and was supposed to be genetically regulated independently. 【Conclusion】The present study firstly expounded the leaf epidermal micromorphological characteristics of I. polycarpa, and indicated that the conical conicoid-like wax pattern could be used as a key basis for germplasm evaluation, and the stomatal parameters were of great significance for gender determination of its young seedlings.
    Characterization of repetitive sequences in Leymus secalinus and chromosomal distribution in related species
    CHEN Jie, LI Yuan, YANG Ying, LIU Bo, DOU Quanwen
    2024,44(8):1273-1282, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20230751
    [Abstract] (205) [HTML] (0) [PDF 4.36 M] (20564)
    Abstract:
    [Objective] Leymus Hochst stands as a crucial genetic resource for the genetic improvement and breeding of cereal crops. However, as allopolyploids, their genome origin remains unclear. [Methods] Genomic Cot-1DNA library of Leymus secalinu was constructed, clones of which were sequenced and analyzed. A few of repetitive sequences were physically mapped in chromosomes of L. secalinus, L. racemousus, and Psathyrostachy juncea by Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). [Results] (1)The repetitive sequences of the Cot-1DNA of L. secalinus could be classified into 4 types based on their expected genomic distribution patterns, tandem repeats (TaiI, Lt1-6, pTa535 and pSc250 family), dispersed repeats (retrotransposable LTR and transposable elements), tandem mixed dispersed repeats (LTR plus Afa-family and N8-family plus LZ-NBS-LRR), and uncharacterized repeats, and which represented 32.4%, 45.7%, 12.4% and 9.5% of the Cot-1DNA, respectively. (2) The hybridization sites number of tandem repeats TaiI, Lt1-6, pTa535 and pSc250 were highly varied from 7-20, 1-14, 17-26 and 0-24 respectively, across different species and accessions. (3) Ten LTR repeats hybridized the tested species chromosomes mainly by 3 patterns: First, hybridizations distributed in centromere, pericentromere, and intercalary regions in all chromosomes. Second, hybridizations were all over the chromosomes. Third, Hybridizations were as the same as the pattern 1 except a few chromosomes carrying telomeric hybridizations. Two LTR/copia sequences were detected only in L. secalinus, while the others were detected in all tested species and accessions but with polymorphisms in hybridization intensities or hybridization patterns in partial chromosomes. [Conclusion] The results suggested rather fast-evolving repetitive sequences in Leymus genome, and supported hypothesis that the dispersed elements must have spread across genomes, thus homogenizing the nuclear genomes of Leymus during the allopolyploidization process.
    QTL mapping and Candidate Gene Identify of Seed Glucosinolate Content in Brassica napus
    ZHAO Weiguo, TA Na, WANG Hao
    2024,44(8):1261-1272, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240120
    [Abstract] (131) [HTML] (0) [PDF 984.20 K] (20556)
    Abstract:
    【Objective】To explore the genetic loci and candidate genes of glucosinolate content in Brassica napus, 【Methods】 The phenotype data for glucosinolate content of a double haploid (DH) population named KN population was surveyed in the year 2013-2017 for QTL mapping and identification of candidate genes using composite interval mapping by Wincart 2.5 software based on the high-density SNP genetic linkage map. 【Results】A total of 47 identified QTLs for glucosinolate content were detected, individual QTLs could explain 2.48%–19.63% of the phenotypic variation, of which qGC.16YL19-4 was the maximum phenotypic variation of 19.44% and qGC.15YL12-5 was the minimum phenotypic variation of 1.82%. 47 identified QTLs were integrated into 38 consensus QTL by meta-analysis. Seven environment stable expression QTLs (cqGC.A9-5, cqGC.A9-7, cqGC.A9-9, cqGC.C2-9, cqGC.C2-10, cqGC.C9-5 and cqGC.C9-6) for glucosinolate content were identified, including three major QTLs (cqGC.A9-5, cqGC.C2-10 and cqGC.C9-5). Three candidate genes (BnaA09g05480D, BnaC09g05620D and BnaC09g05810D) within major QTL confidence interval were identified, which were located in two major QTL regions. Based on their annotation, these candidate genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of glucosinolates (the biosynthesis of IAOx and isomerization of 2-alkyl malic acid to form 3-alkyl malic acid ester) and transport and distribution of glucosinolates. 【Conclusion】 Three major QTLs for glucosinolate content and three candidate genes were identified, these results lay the provide theoretical basis for functional analysis of genes and the cultivation of fine quality rapeseed varieties in the future.
    Identification of CPP Gene Family and Analysis of ExogenousSelenium Response in Foxtail Millet
    YANG Furong, DU Bing, GUO Haojie, Wang Cheng, ZHANG Fuhou, MENG Chaomin
    2024,44(8):1250-1260, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240163
    [Abstract] (181) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.09 M] (20529)
    Abstract:
    【Objective】To explore the basic characteristics of CPP family members of foxtail millet and their response mode under exogenous selenium treatment, and to provide new genetic materials for the breeding of innovative varieties rich in selenium and high folate in foxtail millet. 【Methods】Using bioinformation tools to identify CPP family members, using qRT-PCR technology to determine CPP gene expression in various organizations and in exogenous selenium, which laid a foundation for revealing the biological function of CPP family and the response mechanism of exogenous selenium in foxtail millet. 【Results】(1) The millet genome contained 9 CPP genes, which were located on 6 chromosomes and were named SiCPP1-SiCPP9 according to the arrangement of genes in chromosomes. Amino acids ranged from 220 to 899, the relative molecular weight ranged from 23624.32 to 97253.16Da, and the isoelectric point ranged from 6.64 to 9.17, the number of introns ranged from 3 to 11, subcellular predictions showed that all family members could position themselves in nucleus. The prediction of the secondary structure of the protein indicated that the proportion of irregular curling and α-helix in the family was the heaviest.. (2) Phylogenetic analysis showed that gluten proteins could be divided into four subfamilies, the number and distribution of conservative elements and structural fields among the same subclans. (3) Promoter analysis revealed a large number of light, growth and development, hormone and stress response elements in foxtail millet CPP family. (4) Fluorescence quantitative results showed that CPP family members were differentially expressed in root, stem, leaf and ear.All 9 members of the millet CPP family were responsive to exogenous selenium, among which SiCPP5, SiCPP6, SiCPP7 and SiCPP8 were the most responsive. 【Conclusion】Members of the millet CPP family had tissue expression specificity and varying degrees of response to exogenous selenium.
    Effect of bagging and shading on the contents of sugar acid and flavonoids in Cerasus humilis
    YANG Yu, YAN Songtao, FU Hongbo, WANG Pengfei, DU Junjie, MU Xiaopeng
    2024,44(8):1201-1207, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20230757
    [Abstract] (224) [HTML] (0) [PDF 563.06 K] (20521)
    Abstract:
    【Objective】 To investigate the effects of different light exposure durations and intensities on the sugar, acid, and flavonoid contents of Cerasus humilis fruits, and to provide a reference basis for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying the influence of light exposure on fruit quality. 【Methods】 The C. humilis varieties ''Nongda 6'' and ''Nongda 7'' were used as experimental materials. Fruit bags with three different light transmission rates (30%, 55%, and 100%) were respectively applied during the fruit enlargement period and color conversion period to measure the fruit weight, titratable acid content, soluble solids content, and flavonoid content. 【Results】(1) The single fruit weight and soluble solids content of both varieties were lower during the fruit enlargement period than during the color conversion period, and both decreased gradually with increasing light-blocking rate of the fruit bags. (2) The titratable acid content of ''Nongda 6'' was significantly reduced under bagging treatment, and the higher the light blocking rate of the fruit bag and the longer the bagging time, the more pronounced the reduction in acidity. In contrast, the titratable acid content of ''Nongda 7'' was less affected. (3) The flavonoid content of bagged ''Nongda 6'' was higher than the control, increasing first and then decreasing with the increase in light-blocking rate of the fruit bag, and the content during the fruit enlargement period was higher than that during the color conversion period. The flavonoid content of bagged ''Nongda 7'' was significantly higher than the control only at a 30% light-blocking rate, and the content during the fruit enlargement period was significantly lower than that during the color conversion period. The content increased gradually with the increase in light-blocking rate during the fruit enlargement period, while it first decreased and then increased during the color conversion period. 【Conclusion】 Bagging can effectively improve the sugar, acid, and flavonoid contents of C. humilis fruits. Furthermore, bagging during the fruit enlargement period is suitable for ''Nongda 6'', while bagging during the color conversion period is more effective for ''Nongda 7''. Both varieties show the best overall improvement in sugar, acid, and flavonoid contents with a 55% light-blocking rate on the fruit bag.
    A preliminary study on the expression analysis of the BcCHC1 gene in non-heading Chinese cabbage
    LIU Fang, LU Shanwu, YUAN Mengguo, YANG Zirui, HOU Xilin, ZHANG Changwei
    2024,44(8):1229-1238, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20230439
    [Abstract] (143) [HTML] (0) [PDF 19.69 M] (20513)
    Abstract:
    【Objective】 In order to improve TuMV resistance of non-forming Chinese cabbage, the interaction mechanism between BcCHC1 gene and TuMV was investigated. 【Methods】 In this study, a member of the clathrin heavy chain CHC gene family was identified from cabbage and a CHC1 was cloned, and subcellular localization of the CHC1 was performed. CI and 6K2 were screened from the candidate genes by bicolecular fluorescence complementary detection. VIGS induced BcCHC1 silencing and the plants died. BiFC test confirmed the interaction between BcCHC1 and TuMV proteins. 【Results】 The results showed that: (1) BcCHC1 gene was cloned successfully, and its coding sequence length was 5 124 bp, encoding 1 708 amino acids. (2) After 30 days of TuMV infection, the results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the relative expression of BcCHC1 in TuMV inoculated lines decreased significantly. (3) Subcellular localization found that BcCHC1 was located in the cell membrane and nucleus of tobacco epidermal cells. (4) The observation of BcCHC1 gene silenced lines showed that BcCHC1 silenced plants had died before TuMV inoculation. (5) Through BiFC experimental verification analysis, it was found that BcCHC1 could interact with CI and 6K2, and the interaction position with CI was mainly in the nucleus, while the interaction position with 6K2 was mainly in the cell membrane. 【Conclusion】 The study speculated that BcCHC1 interacts with TuMV''s CI and 6K2 to regulate TuMV infection of non-knotting Chinese cabbage by influencing clastrin-dependent endocytosis pathway and viral replication, etc. However, the specific mechanism of BcCHC1 regulating TuMV infection of non-knotting Chinese cabbage needs further study.
    Allelopathic effects of leaf extracts from economic forests on the growth of Fabaceae and Poaceae pasture grasses
    HE Bangyin, HU Jiajia, PEI Jinghong, FANG Meiyan, LI Jiangwen
    2024,44(8):1295-1304, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20240059
    [Abstract] (158) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.18 M] (20420)
    Abstract:
    Abstract 【Objective】 Allelopathy is one of the main factors affecting understory grass growth, and the chemosensitivity effects of fading leaves of Ziziphus jujuba, Juglans regia and Malus pumila in northern Shaanxi are not yet clear. 【Methods】 Outdoor Medicago sativa and Lolium perenne potting experiments were carried out by setting up different concentrations of Z. jujuba, J. regia and M. pumila withered leaf extracts (concentrations of 0.1, 0.05, 0.025 and 0.0125 g/mL).【Results】 (1) The biomass of both forages was significantly reduced under the J. regia and M. pumila leachate treatments, with L. perenne having only 0.45 g fresh weight per plant, Compared to the control group, the M. sativa only had 4.70 g. Plant height first increased and then decreased with increasing concentration of the leaching solution (P < 0.05). (2) The content of malondialdehyde in M. sativa and L. perenne treated with different extracts was higher than that in the control group. The biochemical indicators of the two grasses showed significant differences in different types of extracts (P < 0.05). (3) J. regia and M. pumila extracts showed significant differences in root traits of M. sativa and L. perenne (P < 0.05). 【Conclusion】 The biomass of M. sativa and L. perenne respond differently to different extracts, exhibiting an "increase or decrease" effect, The treatment of Z. jujuba extract is more suitable for the growth of L. perenne, and the interaction between M. sativa and L. perenne, and economic forests should be fully considered.
    Morphology and Histochemistry of the Glandular Trichomes of Isodon rubescens (Hemsley) H. Hara [Lamiaceae]
    刘孟奇
    2011,31(11):45-50, DOI:
    [Abstract] (7453) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (18025)
    Abstract:
    The morphology and distribution of leaf trichomes of Isodon rubescens were studied using light microscopy. Three morphologically distinct types of trichomes were observed on I. rubescens leaf surfaces: non-glandular, peltate and capitate glandular. The glandular and non-glandular trichomes were present on both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces. Peltate and capitate glandular trichomes comprised one basal cell, one or two stalk cells and one head. The head of mature peltate glandular trichomes generally consisted of four secretory cells while that of capitate glandular hairs was composed of two cells. Histochemical results indicate existence of flavnoids in both peltate and capitate glandular trichomes. In addition, terpenoids, including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes etc., exist in peltate glandular trichomes. Peltate glandular trichomes are probably only site of oridonin accumulation, however, this need direct proof to clarify. High density of peltate trichomes might be considered as an important selection character for the screening of I. rubescens with rich content of oridonin．
    Preliminary Study on the Phylogenetic Relationship of Rosa rugosa ‘Hetian shamomeigui’
    SUN Meile1, ZHANG Jun1, LI Yan2, LIN Guocang1*
    2021,41(2):222-233, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2021.02.0222
    [Abstract] (1868) [HTML] (0) [PDF 14.05 M] (16192)
    Abstract:
    In this study, we studied the relationship between Hetian rose variety (Rosa rugosa ‘Hetian shamomeigui’) and Zizhi rose (R. rugosa ‘Zizhi’), Fenghua rose (R. rugosa ‘Fenghua’) and Damask rose (R. damascena) with molecular data, investigated the phylogenetic relationship of the Hetian rose within genus Rosa, and discussed its hybridization origin. Results showed that: (1) the Hetian rose had unique genetic source. The genetic distance within the Hetian rose (0.017±0.003) was smaller than the distance between varieties (0.029±0.005, 0.024±0.004, and 0.022±0.003, respectively). (2) The phylogenetic tree showed that GAPDH gene clones of the Hetian rose did not mix with the gene clones from other varieties. These indicated that the Hetian rose was genetically diverged from the other three roses, and should be regarded as an unique rose variety. (3) A part of GAPDH clones of the Hetian rose were clustered with four species (R. bracteata, R. laevigata, R. cymosa, and R. banksiae) in Rosa sect. Bracteatae, sect Laevigatae, and sect. Banksiae from China or Southeast Asia, located at basal position of the phylogenetic tree, while other GAPDH clones were clustered with other four European species (R. elliptica, R. sempervirens, R. trachyphylla, and R. abyssinica) in sects. Caninae, Synstylae, and Gallicanae. A total of 19 GAPDH heterozygous loci were detected between the Hetian rose and the above mentioned closely related species, indicating a hybrid origin of Hetian rose. (4) A close relationship between the Hetian rose and 14 European species from sect. Caninae, sect. Synstylae, and Gallicanae was revealed by cpDNA phylogeny and sequence variation analysis. In conclusion, it was proposed that the Hetian rose had a hybrid origin by Chinese and European rose species or varieties. The hybrid parents may be the one or more species in sects. Bracteatae, Laevigatae, Banksiae, Caninae, Synstylae, and Gallicanae. This study provides a foundation for further research on the probable parental species of the Hetian rose.
    Biosynthesis Metabolic Pathway and Molecular Regulation of Plants Anthocyanin
    JIA Zhaodong1, 2, MA Peiyong1, BIAN Xiaofeng1, YANG Qing2, GUO Xiaoding1, XIE Yizhi1*
    2014,34(7):1496-1506, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2014.07.1496
    [Abstract] (5719) [HTML] (0) [PDF 656.79 K] (16029)
    Abstract:
    Plant anthocyanin is a kind of natural edible pigment,has many advantages:safety,no pollution,outstanding stability;it showed noticeable antioxidant ability,which can prevent cancer and protect the function of the liver,prevention and protection of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,and other important nutritional and pharmacological function.Therefore,anthocyanin has important research value and potential applications in food,medicine and health care,horticulture and crop improvement.Here we review recent progresses in biological functions and mechanisms of structural genes and regulator genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis and metabolic pathway,including the anthocyanin biosynthetic,metabolic and accumulative process in plant.Prospective of application prospect and development tendency accumulative processon the anthocyanins genes are elucidated in the end.
    Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of CjMYB1 in Camellia japonica
    HUANG Hu1, 2, MA Xianjin1, 2, LI Sijia1, LI Xinlei1, LI Jiyuan1, YIN Hengfu1*
    2022,42(3):381-389, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2022.03.0381
    [Abstract] (1353) [HTML] (0) [PDF 11.92 M] (13618)
    Abstract:
    In this study, based on sequence alignment analysis, we cloned the full-length CjMYB1 gene from wild Camellia japonica and performed gene expression analyses in Camellia varieties with different floral colors, which provided a fundamental basis for understanding the function of CjMYB1 underlying the floral color formation during flower development. The results showed that: (1) CjMYB1 gene (GenBank accession: OL347930) was successfully cloned. Its open reading frame length was 879 bp, encoding a 292 amino acids protein with relative molecular weight of 33.17 kD. CjMYB1 is found to be a R2R3-MYB transcription factor and is homologous to the subgroup 7 of Arabidopsis thaliana MYB gene family. (2) Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that CjMYB1 gene had the highest expression level in the floral buds of wild C. japonica, and had a relatively high expression level in sepals, petals, stamens and carpels, suggesting that CjMYB1 plays an important role of regulating the floral development. The expression level of CjMYB1 gene was higher in red Camellia varieties, but lower in pink, light yellow and white Camellia varieties, suggesting that CjMYB1 gene may play a key role in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. (3) Subcellular localization experiments showed that CjMYB1 protein was located in the nucleus.
    Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Functions and Deleterious Effects in Plants
    ZHANG Mengru, YANG Yumei, CHENG Yunxiu, ZHOU Tao, DUAN Xiaoyan, GONG Ming, ZOU Zhurong*
    2014,34(9):1916-1926, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2014.09.1916
    [Abstract] (5686) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.92 M] (9264)
    Abstract:
    Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of free radicals,reactive molecules and ions that are derived from O2.It is estimated that about 1% of plants-consumed O2 is converted to ROS in various subcellular compartments such as chloroplast,mitochondria,and peroxisome.ROS are well recognized for playing a dual role as both deleterious and beneficial factors,depending on their concentration in plants.At low concentration ROS acts as second messenger in signaling cascades that mediate several responses in plant cells,whereas at high concentration it triggers oxidative damages to biomolecules and even cell death.Equilibrium between ROS production and scavenging is crucial for plants,and monitored by an efficient antioxidative system consisting of both nonenzymic and enzymic antioxidants.This review thoroughly introduced the current proceedings of studies on plant ROS mainly in terms of their types,production sites,roles in signaling and major damages to plant cells,aiming to provide an insight for improving plant resistance to environmental stress through genetic engineering.

    Governed by：Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China

    Sponsored by：Shaanxi Academy of Sciences; Northwest A&F University; Botanical Society of Shaanxi Province

    Editor-in-Chief：Professor ZHAO Zhong

    Editorial-Director：WEI Qingxia

    Publisher：Editorial Department of Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

    Address：Editorial Department of Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica，Building #0, South Campus of Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China

    Post code：712100

    Service Tel：(029)87082936

    ISSN：1000-4025

    CN：61-1091/Q

    Post code：52-73

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