Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to develop a core collection from 100 Osmanthus fragrans cultivars.Eight AFLP primer combinations produced a total of 514 polymorphic fragments with an average of 64 per primer combination.According to AFLP molecular markers of O.fragrans cultivars,an random sampling strategy was used to construct core collection using UPGMA cluster method according to Kimura 2parameter genetic distance.30 samples were selected out of 100 O.fragrans cultivars as the core collection.Genetic diversity（ShannonWiener index and Simpson index） of the core collection was tested.The genetic diversity in the entire collection has been preserved in the core collection.