The microstructure and ultrastructure of 15 species,1 subspecies and 4 cultivars of Vitis L.were investigated using light microscope and transmission electron microscope.The results showed that(1):The leaf thickness,upper epidermis thickness,palisade tissue thickness,spongy tissue thickness,lower epidermis thickness of V.pestris and V.riparia were thicker than that of others,but the ratio of palisade tissue and leaf thickness (CTR) were the least,V.betulifolia had bigger structure of leaves in East Asian Vitis species.(2)The number of chloroplast in palisade tissue was more than that in spongy tissue.V.davidii,V.betulifolia,V.flexuosa and V.romanetii had more chloroplasts,while V.vinifera×V.amurensis ‘Beihong’,V.sinocinerea,V.wilsonae and V.hancockii had the opposite.There were many starch grains in V.labrusca×V.vinifera ‘Kyoho’,V.betulifolia and lots of plastoglobulis in V.betulifolia,V.wilsonae,V.romanetii,V.flexuosa,V.davidii and V.pseudoreticulata.It suggested many Chinese wild grapes had higher structure resistance than V.pestris and V.riparia in CTR,number of chloroplast,starch grains and plastoglobulis.